Large‐Scale Disturbances in the Upper Thermosphere Induced by the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Large‐Scale Disturbances in the Upper Thermosphere Induced by the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
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DOI：
10.1029/2022gl102265
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ruoxi Li;J. Lei;Jürgen Kusche;Tong Dang;F. Huang;X. Luan;Shunrong Zhang;Maodong Yan;Ziyi Yang;Feifan Liu;X. Dou
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ruoxi Li;J. Lei;Jürgen Kusche;Tong Dang;F. Huang;X. Luan;Shunrong Zhang;Maodong Yan;Ziyi Yang;Feifan Liu;X. Dou
火山爆发对电离层的影响已得到充分研究，但很少有证据表明预期的高层大气中性变化及其确切的变化程度。在这里，我们报告了2022年1月15日汤加火山爆发后的剧烈热层扰动。来自加速度计的GRACE-FO和Swarm-C观测结果显示，在10500 km高度上，三个连续的热层密度波以200-450 m/s的相速度同心地在地球仪上传播，三个波中的两个在震中的对极会聚。在震中周围半径约10，000 km范围内发生了大规模和持久的中性密度耗尽，沿着震中对极周围的密度增强。这种增强在相对强度上与无喷发条件相当，相当于中等磁暴的影响。这项研究提供了大量的全球上层热层扰动的观测证据远高于其起源附近的地球表面，由于火山爆发。
The effects of volcanic eruptions on the ionosphere have been well studied, however, evidence for the anticipated upper atmospheric neutral variations and their exact extents of change are rarely available. Here, we report dramatic thermospheric disturbances following the 15 January 2022 Tonga eruption. The GRACE‐FO and Swarm‐C observations from the accelerometers exhibited three successive thermospheric density waves at ∼500 km altitudes propagating concentrically across the globe at 200–450 m/s phase speed and two of the three waves converged at the antipode of the epicenter. A large‐scale and long‐lasting neutral density depletion within a radius of approximately 10,000 km around the epicenter occurred, along with the density enhancement around the antipode of the epicenter. Such an enhancement is comparable in the relative intensity with respect to the no‐eruption condition, to the effect of a moderate geomagnetic storm. This study offers observational evidence of substantial global upper thermospheric perturbations well above their origin near the Earth's surface due to a volcanic eruption.