Ventilation rates in schools and pupils' performance
Ventilation rates in schools and pupils' performance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.08.018
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Williams, M. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bako-Biro, Zs.;Clements-Croome, D. J.;Williams, M. J.
本文是我们早期工作[5，6，11]的发展。在英国8所小学进行了教室通风对学生学习成绩影响的调查。在每所学校，二氧化碳浓度和其他参数在两个选定的教室进行了为期三周的监测。在16间教室采取了干预措施，利用特制的便携式机械通风系统提高通风率，并将温度保持在可接受的范围内。由于采取了干预措施，教室的室外空气供应量从目前的每人约1升/秒提高到每人约8升/秒。在所研究的教室里，学生和教师通常暴露在令人无法接受的恶劣空气质量条件下，二氧化碳浓度高达5000 ppm，远高于1500 ppm的平均建议水平和1000 ppm的首选水平。200多名学生完成的计算机操作任务的结果显示，选择反应的反应速度明显更快，更准确结果表明，在高通风量条件下，小学生的注意力和警觉性下降2.2%，色词警觉性下降2.7%，图片记忆能力下降8%，单词识别能力下降15%，而低通风量条件下，小学生的注意力和警觉性下降2.2%，记忆力和注意力下降15%。因此，物理环境影响教学和学习。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
This paper is a development of our earlier work [5,6,11]. The effects of classroom ventilation on pupils' performance were investigated in 8 primary schools in England. In each school the concentrations of carbon dioxide and other parameters were monitored for three weeks in two selected classrooms. In 16 classrooms interventions were made to improve the ventilation rate and maintain the temperature within an acceptable range using a purpose-built portable mechanical ventilation system. As a result of the interventions the provision of outdoor air to the classrooms was improved from the prevailing levels of about 1 l/s per person to about 8 l/s per person.The pupils and teachers in the classrooms studied were usually exposed to unacceptably poor air quality conditions, with CO2 concentrations of up to 5000 ppm, much higher than the average recommended levels of 1500 ppm and the preferred level of 1000 ppm.The results of computerized performance tasks performed by more than 200 pupils showed significantly faster and more accurate responses for Choice Reaction (by 2.2%), Colour Word Vigilance (by 2.7%), Picture Memory (by 8%) and Word Recognition (by 15%) at the higher ventilation rates compared with the low ventilation conditions.The present investigation provides strong evidence that low ventilation rates in classrooms significantly reduce pupils' attention and vigilance, and negatively affect memory and concentration. The physical environment therefore affects teaching and learning. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.