Gender Differences in Response to Policies Targeting Commute to Automobile-Restricted Central Business District
Gender Differences in Response to Policies Targeting Commute to Automobile-Restricted Central Business District
复制标题
对前往汽车限制的中央商务区通勤政策的性别差异
DOI：
10.3141/2320-10
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
P. Mokhtarian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Shahangian;M. Kermanshah;P. Mokhtarian
几项研究表明，对旨在减少汽车使用的政策的反应可能达不到预期或期望的反应，这表明需要改进行为模型。改进的一个基础是更好地解释人口异质性。研究特别表明，男子和妇女的交通方式不同，反映出与性别有关的特点和在家庭中的作用；这些差异可以体现在需求管理策略下的模式选择上。本研究基于从伊朗德黑兰中心商务区通勤司机样本中收集的模式选择偏好数据，使用广义嵌套logit模型来寻找在一些价格和时间导向政策下影响每个性别模式选择的显著变量。虽然有些变量对两性都有影响，但其他变量只影响男性或仅影响女性的行为。此外，一些常见的变量在两性中没有相同的标志；这一发现为将两性行为分开建模的必要性提供了事后验证。一些结果表明，测试的假设政策不仅引起了旅行行为的变化，而且可能引起了家庭角色和生活方式的变化。作者认为，了解模式选择的重要因素中基于性别的差异，可以帮助确定更好地满足每个性别需求的政策，从而潜在地增加男女双方放弃开车的意愿。
Several studies have indicated that responses to policies intended to reduce car use may fall short of the predicted or desired response, which suggests a need for improved behavioral models. One basis for improvement is to better account for population heterogeneity. In particular, studies show that men and women have different transportation patterns that reflect gender-related characteristics and roles in families; these differences can be manifested in their mode choice in the presence of demand management strategies. On the basis of stated preference data on mode choice that were gathered from a sample of drivers commuting to the central business district in Tehran, Iran, this study used generalized nested logit models to find the significant variables that affected each gender's mode choice under some price- and time-oriented policies. Although some variables were common to both genders, other variables influenced only men's or only women's behavior. Further, some of the common variables did not have the same signs for both genders; this finding offers post hoc validation of the need to model the genders’ behavior separately. Several results suggest that the hypothetical policies tested elicited changes not only in travel behavior, but possibly also in household roles and lifestyle. The authors believe that understanding the gender-based differences in factors important to mode choice can help identify policies that serve each gender's needs better and thus potentially increase the willingness of both genders to shift away from driving.