Late Palaeozoic Paoliida is the sister group of Dictyoptera (Insecta: Neoptera)
Late Palaeozoic Paoliida is the sister group of Dictyoptera (Insecta: Neoptera)
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DOI：
10.1080/14772019.2013.823468
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
J. Prokop;W. Krzemiński;E. Krzemińska;T. Hörnschemeyer;Jan-Michael Ilger;C. Brauckmann;P. Grandcolas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Prokop;W. Krzemiński;E. Krzemińska;T. Hörnschemeyer;Jan-Michael Ilger;C. Brauckmann;P. Grandcolas
Paoliida是一个高度有争议的组成和同样有争议的亲和力的昆虫群体。本文在全面重新调查的基础上，根据主翅脉序特征，提出了Paoliidasensunov.的新划分，并将Paoliidae和Blattinopsidae联系在一起。一个短的，或多或少明显的，但通常是凸形的弓形支架（横脉）在M和CuA之间（前翅比后翅更明显），和一个包含细脉的广阔区域，在CuP和CuA之间，CuA的一般路线形成双曲线（自形）; CuP直或S形。Paoliida被认为是一个新翅目的分支和潜在的姐妹集团的基础上存在明确的前支的CuA，具有相同的凸性的正中静脉和更凹比同一静脉的后支（突触）。讨论了这些分支所共有的其他性状的极性。在重新检查模式标本后，提供了Paoliida目和Paoliidae科的新诊断。我们把Herbstialaherbsti归为Paoliidae，并认为Herbstialidae是该科的一个次异名。该科被认为是Paoliidae的次异名，将Stenaropodites，Aenigmidelia，Archidelia，Sojanidelia，Micaidelia，Acropermula和Mongoloidelia转移到该科。在泡螺科（Paoliidae）中发现了新记录的霍氏Kochopteron hoffmannorum和鲍氏原口螺Protoblattina bouvieri。Protoblattinopsisaublefieldi被重新解释为具有高度特化的肘肛结构的后翅，其功能类似于中生代等脉总科（蜻蜓目）后翅的肛环结构。我们将Protoblattinopsis归属于Paoliida，并认为Protoblattinidae是Paoliidae的初级同义词。此外，在波兰晚石炭世球铁结核中还发现了一个新的Paoliidae，Silesiapteron jarmilae gen. et sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:296A17BD-2A84-4C1F-B19E-737DDFE7E17C
Paoliida is an insect group of highly controversial composition and equally controversial affinities. Based on comprehensive reinvestigations we propose a new delimitation of the insect order Paoliida sensu nov. associating the families Paoliidae and Blattinopsidae on the basis of the following main wing venation characters: veins CuA convex and CuP concave separating from a rather long basal stem Cu; a short, more or less distinct, but generally convex arculus brace (crossvein) between M and CuA (more distinct in forewing than in hind wing), and a broad area containing veinlets, between CuP and CuA, with a general course of CuA making a double curve (autapomorphy); CuP straight or sigmoidal. The Paoliida is considered as a neopteran clade and potential sister group of the Dictyoptera on the basis of the presence of well-defined anterior branches of CuA, with the same convexity as the median vein and more concave than the posterior branches of the same vein (synapomorphy). The polarities of the other characters shared by these clades are discussed. New diagnoses of the order Paoliida and the family Paoliidae are provided after re-examination of the type material. We attribute Herbstiala herbsti to Paoliidae and consider Herbstialidae as a junior synonym of this family. The grylloblattid family Ideliidae is considered as a junior synonym of Paoliidae, transferring genera Stenaropodites, Aenigmidelia, Archidelia, Sojanidelia, Micaidelia, Acropermula and Mongoloidelia to this family. Kochopteron hoffmannorum and Protoblattina bouvieri are newly included in Paoliidae. Protoblattinopsis stubblefieldi is reinterpreted as a hind wing having highly specialized cubito-anal structures functionally analogous to the anal loop structure of the hind wing of the Mesozoic Isophlebioidea (Odonatoptera). We attribute Protoblattinopsis to Paoliida and consider Protoblattinidae as a junior synonym of Paoliidae. Furthermore, a new Paoliidae, Silesiapteron jarmilae gen. et sp. nov. is described from Upper Carboniferous sphaerosiderite concretion of Poland. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:296A17BD-2A84-4C1F-B19E-737DDFE7E17C