CHILD MALTREATMENT, ATTACHMENT, AND THE SELF SYSTEM - EMERGENCE OF AN INTERNAL STATE LEXICON IN TODDLERS AT HIGH SOCIAL RISK
CHILD MALTREATMENT, ATTACHMENT, AND THE SELF SYSTEM - EMERGENCE OF AN INTERNAL STATE LEXICON IN TODDLERS AT HIGH SOCIAL RISK
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DOI：
10.1017/s095457940000585x
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发表时间：
1994-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
CICCHETTI, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BEEGHLY, M;CICCHETTI, D
谈论内部状态（IS）以及自我和他人感受的能力是幼儿期晚期的一种适合年龄的发展，假设反映幼儿新兴的自我他人理解，并且是社会互动调节的基础。这项研究调查了虐待儿童对社会经济地位较低的 30 个月大幼儿 IS 词汇的影响。儿童词汇来源于母亲访谈和四个实验室背景下儿童自发 IS 话语的观察。两个数据源的结果都表明，与未受虐待的幼儿相比，受虐待的幼儿产生的 IS 单词、IS 单词类型以及表示生理状态和负面情绪的 IS 单词显着减少。此外，受虐待的幼儿在 IS 语言的使用中受到更多的语境限制，并且在将内部状态归因于自我和他人方面受到更多限制。还观察到了性别差异。两组儿童 IS 语言产生的个体差异与一般语言成熟度显着相关，但仅与对照组幼儿的会话技能相关。此外，还测试了描述儿童与照顾者的依恋关系对早期 IS 语言影响的累积风险模型。面临最严重风险（虐待/不安全）的幼儿使用的 IS 语言最为受损。因此，安全依恋可以作为一种保护机制，防止受虐待的幼儿出现自我功能障碍。
The ability to talk about the internal states (ISs) and feelings of self and other is an age-appropriate development of late toddlerhood hypothesized to reflect toddlers' emergent self-other understanding and to be fundamental to the regulation of social interaction. This study examined the effects of child maltreatment on the emergence of low-socioeconomic status 30-month-old toddlers' IS lexicons. Children's lexicons were derived both from maternal interviews and from observations of children's spontaneous IS utterances in four laboratory contexts. Results from both data sources indicated that maltreated toddlers produced significantly fewer IS words, fewer IS word types, and proportionately fewer IS words denoting physiological states and negative affect than nonmaltreated toddlers. In addition, maltreated toddlers were more context bound in IS language use and more restricted in their attributions of internal states to self and other. Gender differences were also observed. Individual differences in children's IS language production were significantly related to general linguistic maturity in both groups but to toddlers' conversational skills only in the comparison group. In addition, a cumulative risk model describing the effects of the child's attachment relationship with the caregiver on early IS language was tested. Toddlers most severely at risk (maltreated/insecure) had the most compromised IS language. Thus, secure attachment may serve as a protective mechanism against self-dysfunction in maltreated toddlers.