Venturia canescens parasitizing Galleria mellonella and Anagasta kuehniella: differing suitability of two hosts with highly variable growth potential
Venturia canescens parasitizing Galleria mellonella and Anagasta kuehniella: differing suitability of two hosts with highly variable growth potential
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1003007730958
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发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Vet, LEM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harvey, JA;Vet, LEM
Venturia canescens (Grav.)（膜翅目：姬蜂科）是一种独居的幼虫，共生体内寄生蜂，在不同螟蛾种类的几个幼虫龄期中产卵，这些蛾是储存食品的害虫。产卵后，宿主幼虫继续进食和生长至少几天，具体时间取决于受攻击的阶段。我们研究了两种生长潜力高度可变的寄主的寄主阶段和体重对寄生蜂发育的关系：蜡蛾（Galleria mellonella）（L）和面粉蛾（Anagasta kuehniella）（鳞翅目：螟蛾科）在第二至第五龄后期的寄生蜂发育。大蜡螟是已知最大的灰蜡螟宿主，健康幼虫在化蛹时偶尔会超过 400 毫克，而大蜡螟在同一阶段很少超过 40 毫克。大蜡螟早期龄寄生蜂的存活率普遍高于后期龄。相比之下，A. kuehniella 的成虫羽化百分比在第五龄后期最高，在第二龄后期最低。 A. kuehniella 是更合适的宿主物种，所有龄期的成虫羽化率均超过 45%，而在大蜡螟中，我们发现所有龄期的成虫羽化率均低于 35%。 A. kuehniella 的寄生蜂成虫尺寸增大，卵到成虫的发育时间缩短，这与宿主尺寸和龄期特异性有关。在大蜡螟中，宿主大小和阶段之间的关系以及这些适应性相关性之间的关系不太清楚。尽管两种宿主物种的寄生鲜重范围相似，但对于 V. canescens 的成功发育而言，A. kuehniella 的适宜重量范围比大蜡螟要宽得多。然而，在寄生时体重相似且低于 5 毫克的宿主中，大蜡螟中出现的黄蜂比库氏黄蜂中出现的黄蜂更大。寄生蜂的生长和发育明显受到寄主物种的影响，我们认为寄生蜂的寄主利用和资源获取模式是根据寄主生长潜力和寄生蜂的营养需求而进化的。
Venturia canescens (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a solitary larval koinobiont endoparasitoid, ovipositing in several larval instars of different pyralid moth species that are pests of stored food products. After oviposition, the host larva continues to feed and grow for at least several days, the precise time doing so depending on the stage attacked. We examined the relationship between host stage and body mass on parasitoid development in late second to fifth instars of two hosts with highly variable growth potential: the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L) and the flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). C. mellonella is the largest known host of V. canescens, with healthy larvae occasionally exceeding 400mg at pupation, whereas those of A. kuehniella rarely exceed 40 mg at the same stage. Parasitoid survival was generally higher in early instars of G. mellonella than in later instars. By contrast, percentage adult emergence in A. kuehniella was highest in late fifth instar and lowest in late second instar. A. kuehniella was the more suitable host species, with over 45% adult emergence in all instars, whereas in G. mellonella we found less than 35% adult emergence in ail instars. Adult parasitoid size increased and egg to-adult development time decreased in a host size-and instar-specific manner from A. kuehniella. The relationship between host size and stage and these fitness correlates was less clear in G. mellonella. Although both host species were parasitized over a similar range of fresh weights, the suitability weight-range of A. kuehniella was considerably wider than G. mellonella for the successful development of V. canescens. However, in hosts of similar weight under 5 mg when parasitized, larger wasps emerged from G. mellonella than from A. kuehniella. Parasitoid growth and development is clearly affected by host species, and we argue that patterns of host utilization and resource acquisition by parasitoids have evolved in accordance with host growth potential and the nutritional requirements of the parasitoid.