Automation, Journalism, and Human–Machine Communication: Rethinking Roles and Relationships of Humans and Machines in News
Automation, Journalism, and Human–Machine Communication: Rethinking Roles and Relationships of Humans and Machines in News
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自动化、新闻和人机通信：重新思考新闻中人与机器的角色和关系
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Thomas R. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Lewis;Andrea L. Guzman;Thomas R. Schmidt
摘要在这篇文章中，我们认为，新闻学研究，特别是专注于自动化新闻的研究，有很多东西要从人机通信（HMC）中学习，这是一个新兴的概念框架和经验基础的研究领域，它是为了应对越来越多的技术而形成的，如聊天机器人，社交机器人，以及其他由人工智能（AI）发展所实现的通信代理-这些代理被设计为充当消息源，而不是消息渠道。虽然在大多数通信研究中，基本的，但通常是毫无疑问的，理论假设是人类是沟通者，机器是中介者，但在HMC中，当机器进入这个以前的人类角色时会发生什么，这一假设受到了挑战。这种理论上的重新定位不仅仅是一种语义上的转变，它还提出了一些新的问题：谁或什么构成了传播者，社会关系是如何通过人类和机器之间的交换建立起来的，以及由此产生的对自我、社会和传播的影响。在自动化新闻的特殊情况下，软件承担了新闻写作的角色，长期以来一直被认为是新闻的一个明显的中心，实际上是人类，HMC的引入为理论发展提供了一个生成的起点，推进了我们对人类的理解，机器，以及即将到来的人工智能技术时代的新闻。
Abstract In this article, we argue that journalism studies, and particularly research focused on automated journalism, has much to learn from Human-Machine Communication (HMC), an emerging conceptual framework and empirically grounded research domain that has formed in response to the growing number of technologies—such as chatbots, social bots, and other communicative agents enabled by developments in artificial intelligence (AI)—that are designed to function as message sources, rather than as message channels. While the underlying, but often unquestioned, theoretical assumption in most communication research is that humans are communicators and machines are mediators, within HMC this assumption is challenged by asking what happens when a machine steps into this formerly human role. More than merely a semantic move, this theoretical reorientation opens up new questions about who or what constitutes a communicator, how social relationships are established through exchange among humans and machines, and what the resulting implications may be for self, society, and communication. In the particular case of automated journalism—in which software assumes a news-writing role that has long been considered a distinctly central, and indeed human, element of journalism—the introduction of HMC offers a generative starting point for theory development, advancing our understanding of humans, machines, and news for an oncoming era of AI technologies.