Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified by seasonal variation in species responses and environmental conditions
Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified by seasonal variation in species responses and environmental conditions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0186
复制
发表时间：
2013-10-05
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Solan, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godbold, Jasmin A.;Solan, Martin
海洋表面温度的升高和与人为大气二氧化碳增加相关的海洋化学变化将对广泛的物种产生深远的影响，但季节性变化改变物种和生态系统对这些压力源的反应的潜力却很少受到关注。在这里，使用迄今为止最长的实验（542天），我们研究了在季节变化的条件下，变暖和海洋酸化如何影响一种功能重要的非钙化潮间带多毛类（Alitta virens）的生长、行为和相关的生态系统功能水平（营养释放）。我们发现，变暖、海洋酸化及其相互作用的影响在短期内无法检测到，但随着时间的推移，它们会通过生长、生物扰动和生物灌溉行为的变化显现出来，而这些变化反过来又会影响营养物质的产生。这些变化与物种对环境条件（温度和光周期）季节性变化的反应密切相关，而环境条件（温度和光周期）根据时间的不同，可以加剧或缓冲气候强迫的长期定向影响。综上所述，我们的观察结果提醒我们不要过分强调短期实验的结论，并强调在预测气候强迫可能的生态后果时，有必要考虑在适当时间尺度上建立的复杂系统动力学的时间表达。
Warming of sea surface temperatures and alteration of ocean chemistry associated with anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will have profound consequences for a broad range of species, but the potential for seasonal variation to modify species and ecosystem responses to these stressors has received little attention. Here, using the longest experiment to date (542 days), we investigate how the interactive effects of warming and ocean acidification affect the growth, behaviour and associated levels of ecosystem functioning (nutrient release) for a functionally important non-calcifying intertidal polychaete (Alitta virens) under seasonally changing conditions. We find that the effects of warming, ocean acidification and their interactions are not detectable in the short term, but manifest over time through changes in growth, bioturbation and bioirrigation behaviour that, in turn, affect nutrient generation. These changes are intimately linked to species responses to seasonal variations in environmental conditions (temperature and photoperiod) that, depending upon timing, can either exacerbate or buffer the long-term directional effects of climatic forcing. Taken together, our observations caution against over emphasizing the conclusions from short-term experiments and highlight the necessity to consider the temporal expression of complex system dynamics established over appropriate timescales when forecasting the likely ecological consequences of climatic forcing.