Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context.
Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context.
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青少年神经生物学对社会环境的敏感性。
DOI：
10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.009
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Guyer AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schriber RA;Guyer AE
我们提出了一个框架，青少年的神经生物学易感性的社会背景。这个框架以基于大脑的社会敏感性个体差异为中心。青少年大脑指数可能会缓和社会背景对发展的影响。神经影像学工作的社会背景下，青少年的大脑，结果进行审查。我们建议，大脑的措施被用来指数神经生物学的易感性。青春期的特点是对社会环境高度敏感。然而，青少年在社会环境对他们的影响方面各不相同。根据神经生物学易感性模型，内源性生物因素赋予一些个体相对于其他个体对环境影响更大的易感性，其中更易感的个体在所有个体中表现最好或最差，这取决于所遇到的环境（例如，高对低父母温暖）。直到最近，由这些理论框架指导的研究还没有纳入对大脑结构或功能的直接测量来索引这种敏感性。利用流行的青少年神经发育模型和越来越多的神经影像学研究的社会背景，大脑和发展结果之间的相互关系，我们审查的研究，支持青少年神经生物学易感性的想法，以了解为什么以及如何青少年不同的发展和福祉的社会背景。我们认为，青少年的发展是由大脑为基础的社会环境的敏感性的个体差异-无论是积极的或消极的-如通过与父母/照顾者和同龄人的关系创建的。最终，我们建议未来的研究测量大脑功能和结构，以操作化的易感性因素，适度的社会环境对发展结果的影响。
We propose a framework, adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context. This framework pivots about brain-based individual differences in social sensitivity. Adolescent brain indices may moderate the effect of social context on development. Neuroimaging work on social context, the adolescent brain, and outcomes is reviewed. We suggest that brain measures be used to index neurobiological susceptibility. Adolescence has been characterized as a period of heightened sensitivity to social contexts. However, adolescents vary in how their social contexts affect them. According to neurobiological susceptibility models, endogenous, biological factors confer some individuals, relative to others, with greater susceptibility to environmental influences, whereby more susceptible individuals fare the best or worst of all individuals, depending on the environment encountered (e.g., high vs. low parental warmth). Until recently, research guided by these theoretical frameworks has not incorporated direct measures of brain structure or function to index this sensitivity. Drawing on prevailing models of adolescent neurodevelopment and a growing number of neuroimaging studies on the interrelations among social contexts, the brain, and developmental outcomes, we review research that supports the idea of adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context for understanding why and how adolescents differ in development and well-being. We propose that adolescent development is shaped by brain-based individual differences in sensitivity to social contexts – be they positive or negative – such as those created through relationships with parents/caregivers and peers. Ultimately, we recommend that future research measure brain function and structure to operationalize susceptibility factors that moderate the influence of social contexts on developmental outcomes.