Evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirements
Evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirements
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发表时间：
1985
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通讯作者：
J. Wright
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作者：
J. Wright
控制灌溉作物蒸散过程的基本因素与其他植物群落相似，不同之处在于灌溉而不是降水基本上满足了对水分的需求。作物生长的一个自然结果是土壤水分从作物根区的提取，伴随着水分从暴露的植物和土壤表面的蒸发损失，水蒸气随后被大气气流带走。我们传统上把这种蒸发性水分损失称为蒸散，简称ET，尽管这个过程严格来说是蒸发，无论是从植物表面还是土壤表面（McIlroy，1984）。高效和有效的灌溉管理的目的是为生长中的作物提供足够的水，以及时补充耗尽的土壤水分，以避免生长中的植物中的生理水分胁迫。实现这一目标需要知道何时灌溉，多长时间或多少水适用。因此，在干旱和半干旱气候或灌溉补充降水的湿润或半湿润气候中，确定灌溉要求对于提供理想的灌溉管理至关重要。
Basic factors controlling the evapotranspiration process for irrigated crops are similar to those for other plant communities, except that the water requirement is largely satisfied by irrigation rather than by precipitation. A natural consequence of crop growth is the withdrawal of soil water from the crop root zone, accompanying the evaporative loss of water from exposed plant and soil surfaces, with the water vapor subsequently being carried away in the atmospheric air flow. We have traditionally come to speak of this evaporative water loss as evapotranspiration, or ET for short, though the process is strictly evaporation, whether from plant or soil surfaces (McIlroy, 1984). The aim of efficient and effective irrigation management is to provide sufficient water to a growing crop to replenish depleted soil water in time to avoid physiological water stress in the growing plants. Meeting this objective requires knowing when to irrigate and for how long or how much water to apply. The determination of irrigation requirements is thus of major importance in providing desirable irrigation management in arid and semiarid climates, or humid or subhumid climates where irrigation supplements precipitation.