Glutamate receptor-like channels in plants: a role as amino acid sensors in plant defence?
Glutamate receptor-like channels in plants: a role as amino acid sensors in plant defence?
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DOI：
10.12703/p6-37
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roberts MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forde BG;Roberts MR
植物谷氨酸受体类基因(GLRs)与哺乳动物的离子型谷氨酸受体(IGluRs)基因同源，故命名为iGluRs，但自其存在以来的16年里，对其生物学功能的研究进展缓慢，令人失望。然而，最近一些实验室的研究集中在模式植物拟南芥(Arabiopsis thaliana(L.)已经为GLR基因家族中一些成员的功能特性提供了新的线索。一个重要的发现是，植物GLR受体比哺乳动物的iGluR受体具有更广泛的配基特异性，有证据表明一些单独的GLR受体可以被多达7个氨基酸所调控。这些结果，再加上它们在植物中的普遍表达，为GLR受体在植物中作为非特异性氨基酸传感器在不同的生物过程中发挥普遍作用提供了可能性。针对其中一个可能的作用，最近对GLR基因敲除突变体的伤口反应和疾病易感性的研究提供了证据，证明GLR基因家族中的一些成员编码植物防御反应的重要组成部分。讨论了这种氨基酸受体家族可能有助于植物对害虫和病原体的攻击做出反应的方式。
Plant glutamate receptor-like genes (GLRs) are homologous to the genes for mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), after which they were named, but in the 16 years since their existence was first revealed, progress in elucidating their biological role has been disappointingly slow. Recently, however, studies from a number of laboratories focusing on the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) have thrown new light on the functional properties of some members of the GLR gene family. One important finding has been that plant GLR receptors have a much broader ligand specificity than their mammalian iGluR counterparts, with evidence that some individual GLR receptors can be gated by as many as seven amino acids. These results, together with the ubiquity of their expression throughout the plant, open up the possibility that GLR receptors could have a pervasive role in plants as non-specific amino acid sensors in diverse biological processes. Addressing what one of these roles could be, recent studies examining the wound response and disease susceptibility in GLR knockout mutants have provided evidence that some members of clade 3 of the GLR gene family encode important components of the plant's defence response. Ways in which this family of amino acid receptors might contribute to the plant's ability to respond to an attack from pests and pathogens are discussed.