Worth its weight in gold
Worth its weight in gold
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DOI：
10.1126/science.291.5507.1363
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发表时间：
2001-02-16
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Bendayan, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bendayan, M
科学进步取决于分析方法的发展。细胞化学是生物化学和形态学的桥梁工具，用于鉴定细胞结构域中的特定化学成分，以更好地了解其功能特性。将免疫试剂与细胞化学相结合，可以使用抗体用电子显微镜标记来标记细胞靶点。由于免疫细胞化学可以产生针对大多数（如果不是全部）细胞和组织成分的特异性抗体，因此它具有非常强大和通用的潜力。免疫细胞化学在20世纪40年代作为直接技术引入（1），现已发展成为一种灵敏和有效的间接方法（2）。直接技术使用暴露于标记有标记物的特定抗体的组织切片，而间接技术使用至少两种抗体-天然形式的一级抗体，其产生特定的抗原-抗体复合物，而该复合物反过来成为二抗的目标。这种用金颗粒标记的二次抗体很容易被检测到（见本页图）。该技术可以通过用分子（例如纯化的细菌蛋白A和G（2））取代二抗来改变，这些分子具有假免疫特性和对免疫球蛋白的高亲和力（见下一页的图）。
Scientific progress depends on the development of analytical approaches. Cytochemistry is a tool bridging biochemistry and morphology for the identification of specific chemical components in cellular domains to better understand their functional properties. Combining immunoreagents with cytochemistry allows one to tag cellular targets with electron microscopic markers using antibodies. And because it may be possible to raise antibodies specific to most (if not all) cell and tissue components, immunocytochemistry has the potential to be extremely powerful and versatile.Introduced in the 1940s as a direct technique (1), immunocytochemistry has evolved into an indirect approach that is sensitive and efficient (2). Whereas the direct technique uses a tissue section exposed to a specific antibody tagged with a marker, the indirect technique uses at least two antibodies—the primary antibody in its native form that generates a specific antigen-antibody complex, which, in turn, becomes the target of a secondary antibody. This secondary antibody, tagged with gold particles, is then easily detected (see figure, this page). The technique can be varied by replacing the secondary antibody with molecules, such as purified bacterial proteins A and G (2), which have pseudoimmune properties and high affinities toward immunoglobulins (see figure, next page).