Effects of social support on medical students' performances.
Effects of social support on medical students' performances.
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社会支持对医学生表现的影响。
DOI：
10.1097/00001888-199406000-00018
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Richman,JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rospenda,KM;Halpert,J;Richman,JA
背景医学生的压力与学业成绩不佳有关，而支持性的社会关系与心理压力的缓解有关。这项研究将社会支持作为对抗压力的潜在缓冲剂，从而作为学生学业成绩的潜在增强剂。 方法 1990 年秋天，芝加哥伊利诺伊大学医学院的 153 名三年级学生被要求填写一份问卷，评估角色压力（涉及学校与社会和/或家庭生活之间竞争需求的压力）、社会支持和支持来源（医学院外部或内部）。所有学生在第三年轮换的五个主要见习职位的成绩均从学生成绩单中收集。对学业成绩、压力和社会支持之间关系的统计分析包括因子分析、层次多元回归分析和皮尔逊相关分析。结果来自 120 名学生（占该群体的 78%）的数据用于相关分析。这些学生中，79 名（66%）为男性，41 名（34%）为女性。由于其中 8 份问卷包含不完整数据，因此使用 112 份问卷（73%）进行多元回归分析。没有发现社会支持的缓冲效应。相反，来自医学院外部的社会支持解释了学业成绩和角色压力的显着差异。较高水平的外部支持与女性的实习成绩较差有关，但与男性的压力水平较低有关。此外，总支持（外部和内部的总和）与整个样本的见习成绩呈负相关。结论结果表明，与研究的假设相反，社会支持总体上与男性和女性的学业成绩较低有关，来自医学院之外的支持的负面影响可能对女性尤其突出。考虑到医学培训的性质，这些结果是可以理解的，因为医学培训对学生的时间要求很高。因此，医学院提倡时间管理策略可能比支持建设干预措施更合适，尤其是对女性而言。
BACKGROUNDStress among medical students has been linked to poor academic performance, while supportive social relationships have been associated with the alleviation of psychological stress. This study examines social support as a potential buffer against stress and hence as a potential strengthener of students' academic performances.METHODA cohort of 153 third-year students at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago was asked in the fall of 1990 to complete a questionnaire assessing role stress (stress involving competing demands between school and social and/or family life), social support, and sources of support (outside or inside medical school). Grades for the five major clerkships through which all the students rotated during their third year were collected from student transcripts. Statistical analyses of the relationships among academic performance, stress, and social support included factor analysis, hierarchical multiple-regression analysis, and Pearson correlational analysis.RESULTSData from 120 students (78% of the cohort) were used for correlational analysis. Of these students, 79 (66%) were men and 41 (34%) were women. Because eight of the questionnaires contained incomplete data, 112 questionnaires (73%) were used for multiple-regression analysis. No buffering effect was found for social support. Rather, social support from outside the medical school explained significant variance in academic performances and in role stress. Higher levels of outside support were associated with poorer clerkship grades for women, but with lower levels of stress for men. Also, total support (outside and inside combined) was negatively related to clerkship grades for the entire sample.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that contrary to the study's hypotheses, social support in general is related to lower levels of academic performance for both men and women, and that the negative effects of support from outside the medical school context may be particularly salient for women. These results are understandable given the nature of medical training, which places great demands on students' time. Therefore, it may be more appropriate for medical schools to promote time-management strategies than support-building interventions, especially for women.