Mind the wind: microclimate effects on incubation effort of an arctic seabird.
Mind the wind: microclimate effects on incubation effort of an arctic seabird.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.1988
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Descamps S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Høyvik Hilde C;Pélabon C;Guéry L;Gabrielsen GW;Descamps S
鸟类繁殖的能量成本很大程度上取决于孵化期间所经历的气候。气候变化和极端天气事件的频率增加可能会严重影响这些成本，特别是对在极端环境中孵化的物种。在这项为期3年的研究中，我们使用了一种实验方法来研究小气候和巢遮蔽对北极野生种群中雌性普通绒鸭（Somateria mollissima）孵化努力的影响。我们增加了人工庇护所随机选择的筑巢女性，并比较孵化的努力，在孵化过程中的体重损失，女性和没有住房之间。非庇护女性有较高的孵化努力比女性人工庇护所。在nonshielded女性，更高的风速增加了孵化的努力，而人工庇护的女性没有经历风的影响。虽然增加环境温度往往会减少孵化的努力，这种影响是可以忽略不计的情况下，风。湿度对孵化效果无明显影响。这项研究清楚地显示了气候变量对鸟类生活史的一个重要方面的直接影响。通过表明风速的增加抵消了环境温度上升带来的能量效益，我们能够证明温度以外的气候变量也可能影响野生种群，在预测气候变化的影响时需要考虑到这一点。
The energetic costs of reproduction in birds strongly depend on the climate experienced during incubation. Climate change and increasing frequency of extreme weather events may severely affect these costs, especially for species incubating in extreme environments. In this 3‐year study, we used an experimental approach to investigate the effects of microclimate and nest shelter on the incubation effort of female common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in a wild Arctic population. We added artificial shelters to a random selection of nesting females, and compared incubation effort, measured as body mass loss during incubation, between females with and without shelter. Nonsheltered females had a higher incubation effort than females with artificial shelters. In nonsheltered females, higher wind speeds increased the incubation effort, while artificially sheltered females experienced no effect of wind. Although increasing ambient temperatures tended to decrease incubation effort, this effect was negligible in the absence of wind. Humidity had no marked effect on incubation effort. This study clearly displays the direct effect of a climatic variable on an important aspect of avian life‐history. By showing that increasing wind speed counteracts the energetic benefits of a rising ambient temperature, we were able to demonstrate that a climatic variable other than temperature may also affect wild populations and need to be taken into account when predicting the effects of climate change.