Reducing the risk of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission: past successes, current progress and challenges, and future directions
Reducing the risk of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission: past successes, current progress and challenges, and future directions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.048
复制
发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Rogers, Martha F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fowler, Mary Glenn;Lampe, Margaret A.;Rogers, Martha F.
美国和欧洲预防人类免疫缺陷病毒母婴传播(PMTCT)取得了巨大成功，实现了低于2%的传播率。在资源贫乏的国家也取得了一些关键的成功；然而，由于资金不足以及文化、社会和体制障碍等各种因素，将成功的干预措施转化为公共卫生政策的工作进展缓慢。在缺乏文化上可接受的、可行的、负担得起的、安全的和可持续的母乳营养替代品的环境中，艾滋病毒和婴儿喂养问题是一个持续的两难境地。一种有效的预防性婴儿艾滋病毒疫苗将是减少哺乳婴儿在一岁时感染艾滋病毒的最佳办法。在世界范围内消除新的围产期艾滋病毒感染的挑战将取决于维持和扩大预防母婴传播干预措施以及对妇女、青少年和青壮年进行有效的艾滋病毒初级预防。
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States and Europe has been a tremendous success, such that transmission rates of less than 2% have been achieved. Some key successes have also been demonstrated in resource-poor countries; however, the translation of successful interventions into public health policy has been slow because of a variety of factors such as inadequate funding and cultural, social, and institutional barriers. The issue of HIV and infant feeding in settings that lack culturally acceptable, feasible, affordable, safe, and sustainable nutritional substitutes for breast milk is a continuing dilemma. An effective preventive infant HIV vaccine would be an optimal approach to reduce HIV acquisition in the first year of life among breast-feeding infants. The challenges to eliminate new perinatal HIV infections worldwide will depend on both sustaining and expanding PMTCT interventions and effective primary HIV prevention for women, adolescents, and young adults.