A WORLD OF SUFFERING? BIOCULTURAL APPROACHES TO FAT STIGMA IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXTS OF THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC
A WORLD OF SUFFERING? BIOCULTURAL APPROACHES TO FAT STIGMA IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXTS OF THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC
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DOI：
10.1111/napa.12056
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Wutich, Amber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brewis, Alexandra A.;Wutich, Amber
即使肥胖率上升，与体重相关的污名在美国仍然很普遍，并导致许多有据可查的社会、经济和健康差距。这些因素包括较低的工资、较低的学业成就、从小就被社会排斥、心理社会压力、抑郁和额外的体重增加。最近的研究记录了全球范围内反脂肪信仰的激增，但我们对这种肥胖污名如何在不同文化中变化知之甚少。在文化背景下对肥胖污名进行更清晰的经验和理论理解，对于衡量其在整个人群中可能产生的生物文化影响至关重要。使用来自巴拉圭、玻利维亚、印度以及美国学生和穆斯林女性(N=414名女性)的数据，我们发现心理测量量表表明在所有这些样本中都存在高水平的声明或表达的脂肪污名，这符合全球化的反脂肪标准。然而，当我们通过反应时间内隐联想测试评估人们的内隐想法时，我们发现不同地点人们内化这些关于肥胖的污名想法的程度存在显著差异。在印度和美国的大学生中，女性倾向于负面地接受“胖”的概念。巴拉圭女性平均呈现出脂肪中性的内在化观点。在玻利维亚和美国的穆斯林女性中，平均评估表明肥胖是内在化的观点。这表明脂肪污名化规范并不总是内化的，即使外在的脂肪污名看起来是全球化的。我们的发现表明，肥胖污名和健康差异之间的生物文化关系可能是复杂的，并且非常具体。
Even as obesity rates rise, weight-related stigma remains widespread in the United States and leads to many documented social, economic, and health disparities. These include lower wages, less academic achievement, social exclusion as early as childhood, psychosocial stress, depression, and additional weight gain. Recent research documents the proliferation of antifat beliefs across the globe, but we know little about how this fat stigma varies across cultures. A clearer empirical and theoretical understanding of fat stigma in cultural context is essential to gauging its likely biocultural impacts across populations. Using data from Paraguay, Bolivia, India, and students and Muslim women in the United States (N = 414 women), we show that psychometric scales suggest high levels of stated or expressed fat stigma in all these samples, capturing globalizing anti-fat norms. However, when we assess what people think implicitly through reaction-time implicit association tests, we find marked variation across sites in the degree to which people are internalizing these stigmatized ideas around obesity. In India and among U.S. university students, women tend to internalize the idea of "fat" negatively. Paraguay women present, on average, fat-neutral internalized views. In Bolivia and among Muslim women in the United States, average assessments suggest fat-positive internalized views. This indicates fat stigmatizing norms are not always internalized, even as explicit fat stigma otherwise appears to be globalizing. Our findings indicate that the proposed biocultural relationships between fat stigma and health disparities may be complex and very context specific.