Contributions of processing ability and knowledge to verbal memory tasks across the adult life-span
Contributions of processing ability and knowledge to verbal memory tasks across the adult life-span
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DOI：
10.1080/02724980443000179
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Park, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hedden, T;Lautenschlager, G;Park, DC
本研究探讨了处理能力和知识的关系，记忆的措施，不同的检索困难和依赖口头知识的成年人的寿命样本（N= 341）。据推测，处理能力（速度和工作记忆）将词汇有最强的关系，需要主动检索的任务和知识能力）将与语言流畅性和线索回忆，因为参与者依赖于语言知识检索类别项目（流畅性）或发展协会（线索回忆）。测量和结构方程模型开发的整个样本，并分别为年轻（年龄20-54岁，n = 168）和老年（年龄55-92岁，n = 173）亚组。根据假设，加工能力被认为是最高度相关的自由回忆，与其他显着的关系，线索回忆，言语流畅性和识别。知识被发现是显着相关的语言流畅性和线索回忆，此外，知识是更重要的老年人比年轻的成年人在调解线索回忆的方差，这表明老年人可能会使用与年龄相关的知识增加，以部分补偿处理下降时，环境支持是在记忆任务。
This study investigated the relationships of processing capacity and knowledge to memory measures that varied in retrieval difficulty and reliance on verbal knowledge in an adult life-span sample (N= 341). It was hypothesized that processing ability (speed and working memory) would vocabulary have the strongest relationship to tasks requiring active retrieval and that knowledge ability) would be related to verbal fluency and cued recall, as participants relied upon verbal knowledge to retrieve category items (fluency) or develop associations (cued recall). Measurement and structural equation models were developed for the entire sample and separately for younger (aged 20-54 years, n = 168) and older (aged 55-92 years, n = 173) subgroups. In accordance with the hypotheses, processing ability was found to be most highly related to free recall, with additional significant relationships to cued recall, verbal fluency, and recognition. Knowledge was found to be significantly related only to verbal fluency and to cued recall, Moreover, knowledge was more important for older than for younger adults in mediating variance in cued recall, suggesting that older adults may use age-related increases in knowledge to partially compensate for processing declines when environmental support is available in memory tasks.