Infinite towers in the graphs of many dynamical systems

Infinite towers in the graphs of many dynamical systems
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许多动力系统图中的无限塔

DOI:
10.1007/s11071-021-06561-6
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Yorke, James A.
Yorke, James A.
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
De Leo, Roberto;Yorke, James A.

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混沌吸引子、混沌鞍点和周期轨道都是链递归集的例子。使用任意的小控制,从链式递归集合中的任何一点开始的轨迹可以被引导到该集合中的任何其他点。动力系统的定性行为可以封装在图中。它的节点是链递归集。存在从节点A到节点B的边,如果使用任意的小控制,从A的任何一点开始的轨迹可以指向B的任何点。我们讨论具有无限多个互不相交的共存节点的物理系统。对于许多精心选择的参数值,可能会发生这样的无限收集。正如我们在一篇严谨的配套论文中所展示的那样,逻辑地图就是这样一个系统。为了说明这些非常常见的现象,我们比较了Lorenz系统和Logistic映射,并展示了它们在某些参数范围内的图形分叉图是多么相似。通常,分叉图显示了吸引子如何随着参数的变化而变化。我们称之为“图分叉图”,以反映不仅可以显示吸引子,而且还可以显示不稳定的周期轨道和混沌鞍点。只有最突出的才能显示出来。证明了当一个参数在洛伦兹系统中变化时,有无穷多个参数值,其中有无穷多个结点,且有无穷多个结点N1,N2,N3,…,N∞可以选择,以使图具有从每个节点到具有较大编号的节点的每个节点的边。最后一个节点N∞是一个吸引子。
Chaotic attractors, chaotic saddles and periodic orbits are examples of chain-recurrent sets. Using arbitrary small controls, a trajectory starting from any point in a chain-recurrent set can be steered to any other in that set. The qualitative behavior of a dynamical system can be encapsulated in a graph. Its nodes are chain-recurrent sets. There is an edge from node A to node B if, using arbitrary small controls, a trajectory starting from any point of A can be steered to any point of B. We discuss physical systems that have infinitely many disjoint coexisting nodes. Such infinite collections can occur for many carefully chosen parameter values. The logistic map is such a system, as we show in a rigorous companion paper. To illustrate these very common phenomena, we compare the Lorenz system and the logistic map and we show how extremely similar their graph bifurcation diagrams are in some parameter ranges. Typically, bifurcation diagrams show how attractors change as a parameter is varied. We call ours “graph bifurcation diagrams” to reflect that not only attractors but also unstable periodic orbits and chaotic saddles can be shown. Only the most prominent ones can be shown. We argue that, as a parameter is varied in the Lorenz system, there are uncountably many parameter values for which there are infinitely many nodes, and infinitely many of the nodes N 1, N 2, N 3,…, N∞ can be selected so that the graph has an edge from each node to every node with a node with a higher number. The final node N∞ is an attractor.
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