Bushmeat consumption and possible risks to consumers in Thailand
Bushmeat consumption and possible risks to consumers in Thailand
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DOI：
10.3920/978-90-8686-238-2_7
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Paulsen, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Awaiwanont, Nattakarn;Pongsopawijit, Pornsawan;Paulsen, Peter
根据国家立法《野生动物保留和保护法》，在泰国狩猎“保留”或“受保护”物种被视为非法。推动非法狩猎和野生动物交易以供应当地（和国际）市场的主要因素是泰国人口的快速增长以及交通运输的发展和旅游业的推广，高收入旅行者愿意为非法狩猎稀有受保护物种支付高价，而农村人口普遍认为食用丛林肉可以增强健康并延长寿命。这些非法狩猎活动和贸易大多发生在社区与野生动物保护区或国家公园之间的边界以及泰国与邻国之间的边境地区。关于森林猎物质量和森林猎物消费数量的数据有限。农村地区的人们仍然不知道丛林肉可能传播人畜共患疾病。一些人认为，与生肉一起饮用酒精饮料可以杀死病原体，因此可以安全食用。野猪肉是当地人最常见的丛林肉。据报道，猪链球菌、猪布鲁氏菌和旋毛虫等多种人类疾病风险。 （旋毛虫、伪旋毛虫、巴布亚旋毛虫）。丛林肉的其他风险包括由黄树巨蜥（孟加拉巨蜥）传播的广州管圆线虫感染引起的嗜酸性脑膜炎，以及来自非人类灵长类动物的已知和未知的人畜共患疾病。少报的原因可能是丛林肉狩猎是非法的，而且受影响的人生活在缺乏知识且难以获得医疗保健机构的农村社区。因此，提高人们对安全肉类处理和加工的好处的认识比期望（非法）狩猎会减少更为现实。
According to national legislation, the Wild Animal Reservation and Protection Act, hunting of 'reserved' or 'protected' species is considered illegal in Thailand. Major factors driving illegal hunting and trading of wildlife for supplying the local (and international) market are the rapid growth of the Thai population together with the development of transportation and promotion of tourism, high income travellers willing to pay high prices for illicit hunting of rare, protected species, while it is widely believed among rural people that eating bushmeat will enhance good health and increase lifespan. These illegal hunting activities and trades mostly occur at the boundaries between communities and wildlife sanctuaries or national parks and the border areas between Thailand and neighbouring countries. Limited data on bushmeat quality and the quantity of bushmeat consumption are available. People in rural areas are still unaware that bushmeat may transfer zoonotic diseases. Some believe that consuming alcoholic drinks together with uncooked meat would kill pathogens and hence would make it safe for consumption. Wild boar meat is the most common bushmeat among local people. Several risks for human diseases have been reported such as Streptococcus suis, Brucella suis and Trichinella spp. (Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella pseudospiralis, Trichinella papuae). Other risks from bushmeat are eosinophilic meningitis caused by infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis transmitted from yellow tree monitors (Varanus bengalensis), and known and unknown zoonotic diseases from non-human primates species. Underreporting may be motivated by the fact that bushmeat hunting is illegal, and that the exposed people live in rural communities with lack of knowledge and less accessibility to health care units. Thus, it is more realistic to raise awareness of the benefits of safe meat handling and processing than to expect that (illegal) hunting will decline.