Cancer statistics, 2020
Cancer statistics, 2020
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DOI：
10.3322/caac.21590
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
254.7
通讯作者：
Jemal, Ahmedin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siegel, Rebecca L.;Miller, Kimberly D.;Jemal, Ahmedin
每年，美国癌症协会都会估计美国将发生的新癌症病例和死亡人数，并汇编基于人口的癌症发生率的最新数据。发病率数据（截至2016年）由监测，流行病学和最终结果计划;国家癌症登记计划;和北美中央癌症登记协会收集。死亡率数据（截至2017年）由国家卫生统计中心收集。2020年，预计美国将发生1，806，590例新发癌症病例和606，520例癌症死亡。癌症死亡率一直上升到1991年，然后持续下降到2017年，导致整体下降29%，这意味着癌症死亡人数估计比峰值持续的情况下减少了290万人。这一进展是由4种主要癌症（肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌）死亡率的长期下降推动的;然而，在过去十年（2008-2017年），女性乳腺癌和结直肠癌的死亡率下降放缓，前列腺癌的死亡率停止下降。相比之下，肺癌的下降速度加快，男性从2008年至2013年的每年3%下降到2013年至2017年的5%，女性从2%下降到近4%，促使2016年至2017年的癌症死亡率出现有史以来最大的单年下降2.2%。然而，肺癌在2017年造成的死亡人数仍然超过乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌和脑癌的总和。在美国食品和药物管理局批准转移性疾病的新疗法后，皮肤黑色素瘤的近期死亡率也急剧下降，从2006年至2010年期间的1%上升至2013年至2017年期间的7%，年龄在50至64岁的男性和女性中，从2%上升至2013年至2017年期间的3%。65岁及以上人群的年下降率为5%至6%，尤其引人注目，因为这一年龄组的发病率在2013年之前一直在上升。同样值得注意的是，肝癌死亡率的长期快速增长在女性中有所减弱，在男性中趋于稳定。总之，一些适合早期检测的癌症的发展势头放缓，与其他常见癌症的显著进展并列。
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2016) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2017) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, 1,806,590 new cancer cases and 606,520 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The cancer death rate rose until 1991, then fell continuously through 2017, resulting in an overall decline of 29% that translates into an estimated 2.9 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred if peak rates had persisted. This progress is driven by long-term declines in death rates for the 4 leading cancers (lung, colorectal, breast, prostate); however, over the past decade (2008-2017), reductions slowed for female breast and colorectal cancers, and halted for prostate cancer. In contrast, declines accelerated for lung cancer, from 3% annually during 2008 through 2013 to 5% during 2013 through 2017 in men and from 2% to almost 4% in women, spurring the largest ever single-year drop in overall cancer mortality of 2.2% from 2016 to 2017. Yet lung cancer still caused more deaths in 2017 than breast, prostate, colorectal, and brain cancers combined. Recent mortality declines were also dramatic for melanoma of the skin in the wake of US Food and Drug Administration approval of new therapies for metastatic disease, escalating to 7% annually during 2013 through 2017 from 1% during 2006 through 2010 in men and women aged 50 to 64 years and from 2% to 3% in those aged 20 to 49 years; annual declines of 5% to 6% in individuals aged 65 years and older are particularly striking because rates in this age group were increasing prior to 2013. It is also notable that long-term rapid increases in liver cancer mortality have attenuated in women and stabilized in men. In summary, slowing momentum for some cancers amenable to early detection is juxtaposed with notable gains for other common cancers.