School and neighborhood characteristics associated with school rates of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use
School and neighborhood characteristics associated with school rates of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use
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DOI：
10.2307/2955361
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Norton, EC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ennett, ST;Flewelling, RL;Norton, EC
以前的研究指出，学校在物质使用流行率不同，但学校差异的解释很少得到实证的关注。我们评估了小学（N = 36）青少年早期饮酒，吸烟和大麻使用率的变化。社区和学校的特点可能与学校的患病率进行了检查，以及这些特点是否有独立的影响，或是否邻里特点介导的学校特点。邻里和学校的特点进行了测量，使用学生，家长和档案数据。调查结果显示，学校之间在物质使用方面存在很大差异。社区和学校的属性在统计学上显着相关的终身饮酒，终身吸烟，目前吸烟的学校率。与预期相反，终身酒精和香烟的使用率更高的学校位于社区有更大的社会优势，居民和档案数据的看法表明。邻里效应通过学校特色直接或间接地表现出来。研究结果进行了讨论，在光的传染和社会解体理论。
Previous research has noted that schools vary in substance use prevalence rates, but explanations for school differences have received little empirical attention. We assess variability across elementary schools (N = 36) in rates of early adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Characteristics of neighborhoods and schools potentially related to school prevalence rates are examined, as well as whether these characteristics have independent effects or whether neighborhood characteristics are mediated by school characteristics. Neighborhood and school characteristics were measured using student, parent, and archival data. The findings show substantial variation across schools in substance use. Attributes of neighborhoods and schools are statistically significantly related to school rates of lifetime alcohol use, lifetime cigarette use, and current cigarette use. Contrary to expectations, lifetime alcohol and cigarette use rates are higher in schools located in neighborhoods having greater social advantages as indicated by the perceptions of residents and archival data. Neighborhood effects are expressed both directly and indirectly through school characteristics. The findings are discussed in light of contagion and social disorganization theories.