Role and Mechanisms of Exosomal miRNAs in IBD Pathophysiology.
Role and Mechanisms of Exosomal miRNAs in IBD Pathophysiology.
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.00295.2020
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Samee Wani;Ivy Ka Man Law;C. Pothoulakis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Samee Wani;Ivy Ka Man Law;C. Pothoulakis
Exosomes represent secretory membranous vesicles used for the information exchange between cells and organ-to-organ communication. Exosome crosstalk mechanisms are involved in the regulation of several IBD-associated pathophysioloc intestinal processes such as barrier function, immune responses and intestinal flora. Functional biomolecules, mainly non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are believed to be transmitted between the mammalian cells via exosomes which likely play important roles in cell-to-cell communication, both locally and systemically. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in exosomes have generated substantial interest because of their critical roles in multiple pathophysiological processes. In addition, exosomal miRNAs are implicated in the gut health. MiRNAs are selectively and actively loaded into the exosomes and then transferred to the target recipient cell where they manipulate cell function through post-transcriptional silencing of target genes. Intriguingly, miRNA profile of exosomes differ from their cellular counterparts suggesting an active sorting and packaging mechanism of exosomal miRNAs. Even more exciting is the involvement of posttranscriptional modifications in the specific loading of miRNAs into exosomes, but the underlying mechanisms of how these modifications direct ncRNA sorting have not been established. This review gives a brief overview of the status of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in IBD and also discusses potential mechanisms of exosomal miRNA sorting and delivering.
