Heterosynaptic plasticity: multiple mechanisms and multiple roles.
Heterosynaptic plasticity: multiple mechanisms and multiple roles.
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DOI：
10.1177/1073858414529829
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发表时间：
2014-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Volgushev M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chistiakova M;Bannon NM;Bazhenov M;Volgushev M
可塑性是突触的普遍属性。它通过多种机制以多种形式表达。在这里，我们考虑两种广泛的可塑性，不同的要求突触前活动在诱导。同突触可塑性发生在诱导过程中活跃的突触上。它也被称为输入特定或关联，它是由赫布型学习规则。异突触可塑性可以通过在诱导期间不活跃的突触处的强突触后活动的发作来诱导，从而使细胞处的任何突触成为异突触变化的靶点。这两种形式都可以通过用于可塑性诱导的典型协议来诱导，并且在相同的时间尺度上操作，但是具有不同的计算特性，并且在学习系统中扮演不同的角色。同突触可塑性介导突触权重的关联修改。异突触可塑性抵消赫布型规则引入的失控动力学，并平衡突触变化。它为学习系统提供了稳定性，并增强了突触竞争。我们的结论是，homosynaptic和heterosynaptic可塑性可修改的突触的互补特性，都是必要的正常运作的神经系统与塑料突触。
Plasticity is a universal property of synapses. It is expressed in a variety of forms mediated by a multitude of mechanisms. Here we consider two broad kinds of plasticity that differ in their requirement for presynaptic activity during the induction. Homosynaptic plasticity occurs at synapses that were active during the induction. It is also called input specific or associative, and it is governed by Hebbian-type learning rules. Heterosynaptic plasticity can be induced by episodes of strong postsynaptic activity also at synapses that were not active during the induction, thus making any synapse at a cell a target to heterosynaptic changes. Both forms can be induced by typical protocols used for plasticity induction and operate on the same time scales but have differential computational properties and play different roles in learning systems. Homosynaptic plasticity mediates associative modifications of synaptic weights. Heterosynaptic plasticity counteracts runaway dynamics introduced by Hebbian-type rules and balances synaptic changes. It provides learning systems with stability and enhances synaptic competition. We conclude that homosynaptic and heterosynaptic plasticity represent complementary properties of modifiable synapses, and both are necessary for normal operation of neural systems with plastic synapses.