The spatial-temporal and coordinative structures in elite male 100-m front crawl swimmers
The spatial-temporal and coordinative structures in elite male 100-m front crawl swimmers
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2004-821010
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Chollet, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seifert, L;Boulesteix, L;Chollet, D
本研究分析了 12 名优秀男子 100 米自由泳运动员的时空结构和协调结构。分析了 25 米泳池每个长度的游泳表现，泳池分为 5 个 5 m 区域。计算每个区域和每个长度的速度 (V)、划水频率 (SR) 和划水长度 (SL)。通过视频分析确定了四个中风阶段，并建立了协调指数（IdC）。确定了三种协调模式：追赶（IdC < 0）、反对（IdC = 0）和叠加（IdC > 0）。游泳运动员倾向于通过保持稳定的 SL 来减少 100 m 过程中 V 和 SR 的下降。事实上，这些时空值在抚摸期间是稳定的，并且在开始、转弯（向内和向外）和结束时较高或较低。因此，时空变化不是发生在长度之内，而是发生在长度之间。相反，IdC的演变表明，游泳运动员必须在开始时就安装泳姿，直到比赛的第二部分才达到稳定的协调性。此外，在每个 25 米长度的不同区域，IdC 都增加，表明运动组织的变化，特别是推或拉阶段的增加。 IdC 值对应于手臂的叠加，与六拍腿踢相关联。通过在转出后直到长度结束时增加行程，实现了有效的叠加协调。从百米自由泳的时空结构和协调结构来看，高水平、稳定的数据体现了游泳技术的高超。
This study analysed the spatial-temporal and coordinative structures in 12 elite male 100-m front crawl swimmers. Swim performance was analysed over each length of a 25-m pool divided into five zones of 5 m. Velocity (V), stroke rate (SR), and stroke length (SL) were calculated for each zone and each length. Four stroke phases were identified by video analysis and the Index of Coordination (IdC) was established. Three modes of coordination were identified: catch-up (IdC < 0), opposition (IdC = 0), and superposition (IdC > 0). The swimmers tended to reduce the decrease in V and SR over the course of the 100 m by maintaining a stable SL. In fact, these spatial-temporal values were stable during the time spent stroking and were higher or lower during the start, the turns (in and out), and the finish. Thus the spatial-temporal changes did not occur within the lengths, but between them. Conversely, the evolution in the IdC showed that the swimmers had to install the stroke at the beginning and only reached a stable coordination in the second part of the race. Moreover, the IdC increased throughout the different zones of each 25-m length, indicating changes in motor organisation, particularly increases in the push or pull phases. The IdC values corresponded to a superposition of the arms, linked to a six-beat leg kick. Achievement of an effective superposition coordination occurred by boosting the stroke just after the turn-out until the end of the length. Regarding the spatial-temporal and coordinative structures of a 100-m front crawl, great swimming skill was reflected by both high and stable data.