Central pattern generator for locomotion: anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological considerations.
Central pattern generator for locomotion: anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological considerations.
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DOI：
10.3389/fneur.2012.00183
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Guertin PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guertin PA
这篇文章提供了对过去一个世纪在脊髓研究方面的重大创新的观点，特别是涉及控制有节奏的运动模式产生和调节的专门的脊髓回路。查尔斯·谢林顿（Charles Sherrington）和托马斯·格雷厄姆·布朗（Thomas Graham Brown）等先驱在20世纪初进行的实验改变了我们对运动神经控制的看法。他们的开创性工作随后得到了几十年证据的支持，得出的结论是，行走、飞行和游泳在很大程度上是由一个脊髓神经元网络控制的，通常被称为运动中枢模式发生器（CPG）。随后，从七鳃鳗到人类的所有脊椎动物都被证明，在某些条件下，即使没有下行或外围输入，CPG也能够自我产生基本的节奏和协调的运动动作。最近的证据表明，反过来，一些CPG元素的可塑性变化可能有助于与运动受损或自发运动样运动相关的特定病理生理条件的发展。本文对CPG在不宁腿综合征、周期性腿部运动和腿部肌肉交替激活中的潜在作用进行了综述。我们将特别关注CPG在最近发现的一种独特的神经系统疾病中的作用，这种疾病被称为乌尔坦综合征。
This article provides a perspective on major innovations over the past century in research on the spinal cord and, specifically, on specialized spinal circuits involved in the control of rhythmic locomotor pattern generation and modulation. Pioneers such as Charles Sherrington and Thomas Graham Brown have conducted experiments in the early twentieth century that changed our views of the neural control of locomotion. Their seminal work supported subsequently by several decades of evidence has led to the conclusion that walking, flying, and swimming are largely controlled by a network of spinal neurons generally referred to as the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion. It has been subsequently demonstrated across all vertebrate species examined, from lampreys to humans, that this CPG is capable, under some conditions, to self-produce, even in absence of descending or peripheral inputs, basic rhythmic, and coordinated locomotor movements. Recent evidence suggests, in turn, that plasticity changes of some CPG elements may contribute to the development of specific pathophysiological conditions associated with impaired locomotion or spontaneous locomotor-like movements. This article constitutes a comprehensive review summarizing key findings on the CPG as well as on its potential role in Restless Leg Syndrome, Periodic Leg Movement, and Alternating Leg Muscle Activation. Special attention will be paid to the role of the CPG in a recently identified, and uniquely different neurological disorder, called the Uner Tan Syndrome.
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