Protein fermentation in the gut; implications for intestinal dysfunction in humans, pigs, and poultry
Protein fermentation in the gut; implications for intestinal dysfunction in humans, pigs, and poultry
复制标题
DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.00319.2017
复制
发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
van Mil, Saskia W. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilbert, Myrthe S.;Ijssennagger, Noortje;van Mil, Saskia W. C.
膳食蛋白质的含量与不同脊椎动物的肠道疾病有关。在人类中，炎症性肠病患者的高蛋白摄入量与发酵代谢物浓度之间的关联就是例证。在生产动物中，日粮蛋白质摄入量与仔猪断奶后腹泻和家禽垫料潮湿有关。膳食蛋白质导致肠道问题的潜在机制仍然很大程度上未知。未消化的蛋白质在后肠中发酵导致发酵产物的形成，包括短链脂肪酸、支链脂肪酸、氨、酚类和吲哚化合物。生物胺。硫化氢和一氧化氮。在这里，我们回顾了这些代谢物可能导致肠道疾病的机制。关于不同代谢物如何引起上皮损伤的研究主要依赖于细胞培养研究，偶尔也依赖于小鼠或大鼠模型。通常，会报告相反的结果。因此，此类研究与人类、猪和家禽肠道健康的直接相关性值得怀疑，并且不足以制定改善肠道健康的干预措施。我们讨论了一个路线图，以提高我们对与人类和生产动物肠道健康相关的肠道代谢物和微生物物种的理解，并确定这些代谢物/细菌网络是否会导致上皮损伤。这些研究的结果将决定原理验证研究，以消除特定的代谢物和/或细菌菌株，并将为旨在改善肠道健康的干预措施提供基础。
The amount of dietary protein is associated with intestinal disease in different vertebrate species. In humans, this is exemplified by the association between high-protein intake and fermentation metabolite concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In production animals, dietary protein intake is associated with postweaning diarrhea in piglets and with the occurrence of wet litter in poultry. The underlying mechanisms by which dietary protein contributes to intestinal problems remain largely unknown. Fermentation of undigested protein in the hindgut results in formation of fermentation products including short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, phenolic and indolic compounds. biogenic amines. hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide. Here, we review the mechanisms by which these metabolites may cause intestinal disease. Studies addressing how different metabolites induce epithelial damage rely mainly on cell culture studies and occasionally on mice or rat models. Often, contrasting results were reported. The direct relevance of such studies for human, pig, and poultry gut health is therefore questionable and does not suffice for the development of interventions to improve gut health. We discuss a roadmap to improve our understanding of gut metabolites and microbial species associated with intestinal health in humans and production animals and to determine whether these metabolite/bacterial networks cause epithelial damage. The outcomes of these studies will dictate proof-of-principle studies to eliminate specific metabolites and or bacterial strains and will provide the basis for interventions aiming to improve gut health.