Spatial–temporal variations in urbanization in Kunming and their impact on urban lake water quality
Spatial–temporal variations in urbanization in Kunming and their impact on urban lake water quality
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DOI：
10.1002/ldr.3543
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kun Yang;Yi Luo;Kexin Chen;Yang Yang-Yang;Chunxue Shang;Zhenyu Yu;Jiaxin Xu;Yisong Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kun Yang;Yi Luo;Kexin Chen;Yang Yang-Yang;Chunxue Shang;Zhenyu Yu;Jiaxin Xu;Yisong Zhao
昆明作为东南亚、南亚地区的辐射中心或枢纽，也是中国唯一与东盟国家接壤的大都市，自20世纪80年代以来经历了大规模的城市化进程。这种人类活动伴随着中国第六大淡水湖滇池的环境恶化，特别是水质污染。这项研究揭示了过去30年来城市化进程导致了土地退化。引入地理学第一定律分析不透水面面积（ISA）扩张对湖泊水环境的影响。结果表明，ISA 包围了湖泊并向外辐射。自20世纪90年代以来，约35%的自然表面转变为ISA，城区密度从2001年的1个激增至2017年的4个。在过去17年里，城区面积密度从0.06%激增至12.05%。近30年来，ISA的增长速度超过21 km2 a−1，2004年至2017年甚至达到38 km2 a−1。湖泊水质的空间格局是由ISA（G）的空间影响决定的。然后分析水质指标与G之间的关系，并采用指数回归分析方法考察G与水质之间的阈值。相关分析结果表明G与湖泊水质存在显着相关性；虽然湖泊水质呈现周期性变化，但G对湖泊水质的影响十分显着。本研究提出了一种计算不透水表面对水质空间影响的有效方法，以定量揭示城市化对水环境的影响，有助于加深对ISA扩张对湖泊环境影响的认识。此外，本研究为湖泊环境保护和管理提供了决策支持，并为城市发展对流域规划影响提供了经验证据。
As a radiation centre or hub in Southeast Asia and South Asia and the only Chinese metropolis bordering other ASEAN countries, Kunming has experienced extensive urbanization since the 1980s. This type of human activity has been accompanied by environmental deterioration, especially water quality pollution, in Dianchi Lake, China's sixth largest freshwater lake. This study reveals that the urbanization process has led to land degradation over the past 30 years. First law of geography was introduced to analyze the effects of impervious surface area (ISA) expansion on the lake water environment. The results indicate that the ISA encompassed the lake and radiated outwards. Since the 1990s, approximately 35% of natural surfaces transformed to ISA, and the urban district density exploded from one in 2001 to four in 2017. The urban district area density exploded from 0.06% to 12.05% over the past 17 years. During the past 30 years, the growth rate of ISA exceeded 21 km2 a−1 and even reached 38 km2 a−1 between 2004 and 2017. The spatial pattern of lake water quality was determined by the spatial influences of ISA (G). Then the relationship between water quality indicators and G was analyzed, and the threshold between G and water quality was investigated using an exponential regression analysis method. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that a significant correlation exists between G and lake water quality; although the lake water quality showed a cyclical change, the G impact on the lake water quality was notable. This research proposed an effective method to calculate the spatial influence of the impervious surface on the water quality to reveal the effect of urbanization on the water environment quantitatively and helps us to enhance the understanding of ISA expansion impact on lake environment. Moreover, this research provides decision supports for the environmental protection and management of the lake and empirical evidence regarding urban development impacts on watershed planning.