Nanostructured dye solar cells on flexible substrates—Review
Nanostructured dye solar cells on flexible substrates—Review
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DOI：
10.1002/er.1605
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发表时间：
2009-10
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
M. Toivola;J. Halme;K. Miettunen;K. Aitola;P. Lund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Toivola;J. Halme;K. Miettunen;K. Aitola;P. Lund
本文综述了纳米二氧化钛染料太阳能电池(DSCs)在替代玻璃衬底上的研究现状。用塑料箔或金属片等材料取代传统使用的笨重、坚硬和昂贵的玻璃基板，对于实现大批量、低成本的卷筒式工业化生产电池以及使这种太阳能电池技术与硅和薄膜光伏器件具有适当的竞争力至关重要。塑料衬底的最大问题之一是其耐低温性，这使得光电极膜不可能烧结，而对于金属，其对DSCS中通常使用的含碘电解液的腐蚀性限制了适用于衬底的金属材料的数量。然而，在开发适合于低温加工的新材料、电极膜沉积和后处理方法方面取得了重大进展。此外，已经发现了在碘电解液存在下不会腐蚀的金属，并成功地将其用作DSC衬底。塑料和金属衬底获得的最高功率转换效率已经达到7-9%，距离最好的玻璃电池效率10-11%不远，也可以与非晶硅太阳能电池的效率相媲美。柔性衬底上的DSCs仍然面临的最重要的研究挑战之一是确保电池的长期稳定性对于消费者应用是现实的，例如，提供足够有效的封装以防止水和其他杂质渗透到电池中。金属基电池特有的降解机制是另一个需要更深入了解的问题。本文还讨论了在光纤上沉积DSC结构或使用碳纳米材料来提高电池效率等更具新奇意义的方法。版权所有©2009 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
This review presents an overview of the current state of research on nanostructured titanium dioxide dye solar cells (DSCs) on alternative substrates to glass. Replacing the traditionally used heavy, rigid, and expensive glass substrate with materials such as plastic foils or metal sheets is crucial to enable large volume cost‐efficient roll‐to‐roll type industrial scale manufacturing of the cells and to make this solar cell technology properly competitive with silicon and thin film photovoltaic devices. One of the biggest problems with plastic substrates is their low‐temperature tolerance, which makes sintering of the photoelectrode films impossible, whereas with metals, their corrosion resistance against the iodine‐containing electrolyte typically used in DSCs limits the amount of metal materials suitable for substrates. However, significant progress has been made in developing new materials, electrode film deposition and post‐treatment methods suitable for low‐temperature processing. Also, metals that do not corrode in the presence of iodine electrolyte have been found and successfully employed as DSC substrates. The highest power conversion efficiencies obtained with plastic and metal substrates are already 7–9%, which is not far from the best glass cell efficiencies, 10–11%, and comparable also to, for example, amorphous silicon solar cell efficiencies. One of the most important of the remaining research challenges of DSCs on flexible substrates is to ensure that the long‐term stability of the cells is realistic to consumer applications, for example, with providing efficient enough encapsulation to prevent water and other impurities penetration into the cells. Degradation mechanisms specific to metal‐based cells are another issue that needs deeper understanding still. More exotic approaches such as depositing the DSC structure on optical fiber or employing carbon nanomaterials to increase the cell efficiency are also discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.