Determinants of donations in private nonprofit markets
Determinants of donations in private nonprofit markets
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DOI：
10.1016/s0047-2727(99)00066-3
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发表时间：
2000-02
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Cagla Okten;B. Weisbrod
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cagla Okten;B. Weisbrod
我们估计捐赠对一些经济变量的响应，包括价格，广告，以及来自政府赠款和计划服务销售等其他来源的收入的可用性。利用一组国税局的数据，在每一个七个行业的个人非营利组织-包括医院和高等教育-为1982年至1994年，我们发现不同的整体模式，以及显着的变化，跨行业。据估计，非营利组织的筹款支出对捐赠产生两种抵消作用--直接的广告和信息效应增加了捐赠，而间接的影响则对捐赠的“价格”产生了负面影响。我们没有发现证据表明，筹款进行到利润最大化的水平。在某些行业，筹资远远低于这一水平，而在其他行业，筹资则过多，这意味着筹资的边际回报超过了成本。关注其他来源的收入是否会影响对非营利组织的捐赠，我们发现有证据表明，来自政府赠款或组织自己的计划销售活动的收入通常不会挤出私人捐赠。相反，在大多数行业，都有显著的积极影响。
We estimate the responsiveness of donations to a number of economic variables, including price, advertising, and the availability of revenue from such other sources as government grants and program service sales. Utilizing a set of IRS data on individual nonprofit organizations in each of seven industries — including hospitals and higher education — for the years 1982–1994, we find distinct overall patterns as well as notable variation across industries. A nonprofit organization’s fundraising expenditures are estimated to exert two countervailing effects on donations — the direct, advertising and information, effect augments donations, while the indirect effect, on the ‘price’ of donating, has a negative effect. We do not find evidence that fundraising is carried to the profit-maximizing levels. In some industries fundraising is substantially short of that level, while in other industries it is excessive, implying that the marginal return to fundraising is exceeded by the cost. Focusing on whether revenue from other sources affects donations to a nonprofit organization, we find evidence that revenue from either government grants or from the organization’s own program sales activity generally does not crowd-out private donations. To the contrary, in most industries there are significant positive effects.