Transboundary health impacts of transported global air pollution and international trade
Transboundary health impacts of transported global air pollution and international trade
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全球空气污染和国际贸易对跨境健康的影响
DOI：
10.1038/nature21712
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发表时间：
2017-03-30
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Guan, Dabo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang, Qiang;Jiang, Xujia;Guan, Dabo
每年有数百万人死于暴露于室外空气污染引起的疾病（1-5）。一些研究估计了与当地空气污染源有关的过早死亡率（6，7），但当地空气质量也可能受到来自遥远污染源的大气传输的影响（8-18）。由于一个区域的货物生产（及其相关排放）供另一个区域消费，国际贸易正在促成排放和污染的全球化（14、19 -22）。国际贸易对空气污染物排放（23）、空气质量（14）和健康（24）的影响已在区域范围内进行了调查，但对国际贸易和大气污染物迁移对健康的影响缺乏综合的全球评估。在这里，我们结合联合收割机四个全球模型来估计由于大气传输以及世界不同地区商品和服务的生产和消费而导致的细颗粒物（PM2.5）污染造成的过早死亡率。我们发现，2007年全世界与PM2.5污染有关的345万例过早死亡中，（411，100例死亡）与死亡发生地以外的世界区域排放的空气污染物有关，（762，400人死亡）与在一个地区生产供另一个地区消费的商品和服务有关。例如，2007年中国产生的PM2.5污染与中国以外地区的64，800多人过早死亡有关，其中包括西欧和美国的3，100多人过早死亡;另一方面，西欧和美国的消费与中国的108，600多人过早死亡有关。我们的研究结果表明，与国际贸易相关的PM2.5污染的跨境健康影响大于与长距离大气污染物运输相关的影响。
Millions of people die every year from diseases caused by exposure to outdoor air pollution(1-5). Some studies have estimated premature mortality related to local sources of air pollution(6,7), but local air quality can also be affected by atmospheric transport of pollution from distant sources(8-18). International trade is contributing to the globalization of emission and pollution as a result of the production of goods (and their associated emissions) in one region for consumption in another region(14,19-22). The effects of international trade on air pollutant emissions(23), air quality(14) and health(24) have been investigated regionally, but a combined, global assessment of the health impacts related to international trade and the transport of atmospheric air pollution is lacking. Here we combine four global models to estimate premature mortality caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution as a result of atmospheric transport and the production and consumption of goods and services in different world regions. We find that, of the 3.45 million premature deaths related to PM2.5 pollution in 2007 worldwide, about 12 per cent (411,100 deaths) were related to air pollutants emitted in a region of the world other than that in which the death occurred, and about 22 per cent (762,400 deaths) were associated with goods and services produced in one region for consumption in another. For example, PM2.5 pollution produced in China in 2007 is linked to more than 64,800 premature deaths in regions other than China, including more than 3,100 premature deaths in western Europe and the USA; on the other hand, consumption in western Europe and the USA is linked to more than 108,600 premature deaths in China. Our results reveal that the transboundary health impacts of PM2.5 pollution associated with international trade are greater than those associated with long-distance atmospheric pollutant transport.