Role of Context in Equity Effects of Congestion Pricing
Role of Context in Equity Effects of Congestion Pricing
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DOI：
10.3141/2297-04
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Franklin, Joel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Franklin, Joel P.
拥挤收费的公平效应已经成为人们关注的焦点，因为这可能会阻碍其在世界范围内的实施。关于通行费的负担应该如何落在人口群体身上的理论论点和经验证据都是混合的，这取决于各种背景因素，如汽车的使用、工作时间表、灵活性和活动的空间分布。然而，到目前为止，实施拥挤收费制度的证据还没有明确地研究这些背景因素的作用。以瑞典斯德哥尔摩的拥堵收费试验为例，采用结构方程模型，以年龄、收入和性别为自变量，环境因素为内生变量，拥堵收费后汽车出行的变化为因变量，对模型进行了估计。研究结果表明，性别是一个显着的因素，在总的影响和四个上下文变量中的三个访问一辆汽车，拥有长期过境通行证，并有一个工作场所在同一侧的警戒线作为家发挥了显着的中介作用的人口统计变量的间接影响的汽车旅行。此外，研究发现，只有当在模型中的背景因素是显着的性别。这一发现表明，当这些因素被忽略时，可能会遗漏一个重要的变量。
The equity effects of congestion pricing have come into focus as a potential hindrance to its acceptability in implementation around the world. Both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence about how the burden of the toll should fall on demographic groups have been mixed, depending on a variety of contextual factors such as automobile access, work schedule, flexibility, and spatial distribution of activities. Yet the evidence so far for implemented congestion pricing systems has not examined explicitly the role of such contextual factors. With the congestion pricing trial in Stockholm, Sweden, as a case study, this paper uses structural equation modeling to estimate a model of the role of age, income, and gender as independent variables; contextual factors as endogenous variables; and the change in automobile trips after congestion pricing as dependent variables. The findings indicated that gender was a significant factor in terms of the total effects and that three of the four contextual variables-access to a car, possession of a longterm transit pass, and having a workplace on the same side of the cordon as home-played significant mediating roles in the indirect effects of the demographic variables on trips by automobile. Moreover, it was found that gender was significant only when the contextual factors were included in the model. This finding suggested that a significant variable could be missed when such factors were omitted.