The Value of Secure Tenure: Ethnographic Accounts of How Tenure Security is Understood and Realised by Residents of Low-Income Settlements in Durban, South Africa
The Value of Secure Tenure: Ethnographic Accounts of How Tenure Security is Understood and Realised by Residents of Low-Income Settlements in Durban, South Africa
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权属保障的价值：南非德班低收入住区居民如何理解和实现权属保障的民族志记录
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Kamna Patel
中科院分区：
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作者：
Kamna Patel
对保有权保障和不安全的研究往往侧重于社会中某些群体缺乏保有权的问题。这种关于权利的论述往往是法律化的，并在保有权保障和正式保有权之间产生了一种逻辑关系。例如，通过地契对保有权保障的法律保障体现在一种以权利为基础的自由主义话语理论中，授予个人权利和获得维护这些权利的机制被认为是赋予穷人权力和实现穷人繁荣的关键。在南非，棚户区居民在城市保有权保障方面的主要论调是，在非正式住区升级过程中发放住房补贴的过程中，永久保有地契所体现的合法权利之一。这种将保有权正规化的方法假定棚户区居民的保有权不安全，主要是担心因缺乏土地和财产使用和/或所有权的合法权利而被驱逐。论文认为，这种自上而下的使用权不安全概念化歪曲了棚户区居民自己的使用权经验，反映了对使用权保障的不完全理解。2010年，我进行了一项民族志研究，询问德班的24名棚户区居民，他们对保有权保障的理想看法、他们在保有权不安全方面的经历，以及他们为实现足够程度的保障而采取的战略。这项研究强调对保有权的解释学定义，提供了一个详细的视角，揭示了当代住房和城市土地政策中保有权保障概念化的缺陷。这篇论文对这一术语进行了重新概念化。
Studies of tenure security and insecurity tend to focus on the lack of tenure rights for certain groups in society. This discourse of rights is often legalistic and engenders a logical relationship between tenure security and formal tenure rights. The legal guarantee of tenure security through a title deed, for example, is couched in theories of a liberal rights-based discourse where the award of individual rights and access to mechanisms to uphold those rights are regarded as essential for the empowerment and prosperity of the poor. In South Africa, the dominant discourse in urban tenure security for shack dwellers is one of legal rights encapsulated by a freehold title deed that accompanies the award of a housing subsidy in the process to upgrade informal settlements. This approach to formalising tenure assumes tenure insecurity is experienced by shack dwellers as predominantly a fear of eviction emanating from a lack of legal rights to land and property use and/or ownership. The paper contends this top-down conceptualisation of tenure insecurity misrepresents shack dwellers’ own tenure experiences and reflects an incomplete understanding of tenure security. In 2010, I conducted an ethnographic study to ask 24 shack dwellers in Durban their conceptions of tenure security as an ideal, their experiences of tenure insecurity, and the strategies they have adopted to achieve a sufficient degree of security. The study’s emphasis on hermeneutical definitions of tenure offers a detailed perspective that reveals shortcomings in the conceptualisation of tenure security in contemporary housing and urban land policy. The paper offers a re-conceptualisation of the term.