Protein composition and movements of membrane swellings associated with primary cilia.
Protein composition and movements of membrane swellings associated with primary cilia.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00018-015-1838-x
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nauli SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mohieldin AM;Haymour HS;Lo ST;AbouAlaiwi WA;Atkinson KF;Ward CJ;Gao M;Wessely O;Nauli SM
许多纤毛蛋白的功能障碍与一系列疾病有关，从囊性肾到肥胖，从高血压到智力迟钝。我们以前提出，初级纤毛是独特的通信细胞器，其功能是容纳机械感觉分子的微感觉区室。在这里，我们报告的初级纤毛显示膜selling或纤毛球，这是基于其独特的超微结构和运动，可以通过流体剪切力的机械调节。连同超微结构分析的肿胀，其中含有单唾液酸二己糖神经节苷脂（GM3），我们的研究结果表明，睫状体球有一个独特的功能蛋白，包括GM3合成酶（GM3S），bicc1（Bicc1），和多囊蛋白-2（PC2）。事实上，我们的纤毛分离结果首次证明GM3S和Bicc1是初级纤毛蛋白的成员。虽然这些蛋白质不需要在静态条件下的睫状体膜肿胀形成，流体剪切应力诱导的肿胀形成部分调制GM3S。因此，我们建议，睫状球内的机械纤毛结构表现出的感觉功能。总的来说，我们的研究为了解睫状体的功能和结构迈出了重要的一步。
Dysfunction of many ciliary proteins has been linked to a list of diseases, from cystic kidney to obesity and from hypertension to mental retardation. We previously proposed that primary cilia are unique communication organelles that function as microsensory compartments that house mechanosensory molecules. Here we report that primary cilia exhibit membrane swellings or ciliary bulbs, which based on their unique ultrastructure and motility, could be mechanically regulated by fluid-shear stress. Together with the ultrastructure analysis of the swelling, which contains monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3), our results show that ciliary bulb has a distinctive set of functional proteins, including GM3 synthase (GM3S), bicaudal-c1 (Bicc1), and polycystin-2 (PC2). In fact, results from our cilia isolation demonstrated for the first time that GM3S and Bicc1 are members of the primary cilia proteins. Although these proteins are not required for ciliary membrane swelling formation under static condition, fluid-shear stress induced swelling formation is partially modulated by GM3S. We therefore propose that the ciliary bulb exhibits a sensory function within the mechano-ciliary structure. Overall, our studies provided an important step towards understanding the ciliary bulb function and structure.