TRAIL and its receptors in cardiac diseases.

TRAIL and its receptors in cardiac diseases.
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TRAIL及其受体在心脏病中的作用

DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2023.1256852
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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心血管疾病是全世界死亡的主要原因。在许多类型的心脏损伤(例如缺血性损伤和压力超负荷引起的应激)期间发生心肌细胞损失,由于其再生能力有限而削弱心脏功能并促进重塑,从而进一步损害心脏。心肌细胞死亡通过两种主要机制发生:坏死和凋亡。细胞凋亡是一种高度调控的细胞死亡形式,可以通过内在(线粒体)或外在(受体介导)途径发生。外源性细胞凋亡通过肿瘤坏死受体 (TNF) 家族受体的一个子集(称为“死亡受体”)发生。虽然死亡受体的一些配体(例如 TNF-α)已在心脏中得到广泛研究,但其他配体实际上尚未得到研究。一种尚未充分表征的心脏 TNF 相关配体是 TNF 相关细胞凋亡诱导配体 (TRAIL)。 TRAIL 结合两种细胞凋亡诱导受体:死亡受体 (DR) 4 和 DR5。还有三种诱饵 TRAIL 受体:诱饵受体 (DcR) 1、DcR2 和骨保护素 (OPG)。虽然 TRAIL 由于其能够选择性诱导转化细胞类型凋亡的能力而在癌症领域得到了广泛的研究,但新出现的临床证据表明 TRAIL 及其受体在心脏病理学中的作用。本文将重点介绍我们目前对心脏正常和病理条件下 TRAIL 及其受体的理解。
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Loss of cardiomyocytes that occurs during many types of damage to the heart such as ischemic injury and stress caused by pressure overload, diminishes cardiac function due to their limited regenerative capacity and promotes remodeling, which further damages the heart. Cardiomyocyte death occurs through two primary mechanisms, necrosis and apoptosis. Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of cell death that can occur through intrinsic (mitochondrial) or extrinsic (receptor mediated) pathways. Extrinsic apoptosis occurs through a subset of Tumor Necrosis Receptor (TNF) family receptors termed “Death Receptors.” While some ligands for death receptors have been extensively studied in the heart, such as TNF-α, others have been virtually unstudied. One poorly characterized cardiac TNF related ligand is TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). TRAIL binds to two apoptosis-inducing receptors, Death Receptor (DR) 4 and DR5. There are also three decoy TRAIL receptors, Decoy Receptor (DcR) 1, DcR2 and osteoprotegerin (OPG). While TRAIL has been extensively studied in the cancer field due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in transformed cell types, emerging clinical evidence points towards a role for TRAIL and its receptors in cardiac pathology. This article will highlight our current understanding of TRAIL and its receptors in normal and pathological conditions in the heart.
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