The neural basis of optimism and pessimism.
The neural basis of optimism and pessimism.
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DOI：
10.5607/en.2013.22.3.173
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hecht D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hecht D
我们的生存和健康需要乐观和悲观之间的平衡。过度悲观使生活痛苦；然而，过度乐观可能会导致危险的冒险行为。对支持这两种世界观的神经生理学文献的回顾和综合表明，乐观和悲观与两个大脑半球的关系存在差异。高自尊、倾向于看待特定情况积极方面的乐观态度以及对光明未来的乐观信念都与左半球 (LH) 的生理活动有关。相比之下，悲观的观点、倾向于关注消极部分并夸大其重要性、低自尊以及对未来的悲观看法都与右半球（RH）的神经生理过程相互关联。这种调节乐观和悲观观点的半球不对称根源于两个半球之间的一些生物学和功能差异。 RH 介导的警惕和抑制模式会编织出一种不安全感，从而产生并支持悲观的思维模式。相反，黄体激素对主动模式的调节以及通过其运动灵活性收到的积极反馈会让人对自己应对生活挑战的能力充满信心，并对未来感到乐观。
Our survival and wellness require a balance between optimism and pessimism. Undue pessimism makes life miserable; however, excessive optimism can lead to dangerously risky behaviors. A review and synthesis of the literature on the neurophysiology subserving these two worldviews suggests that optimism and pessimism are differentially associated with the two cerebral hemispheres. High self-esteem, a cheerful attitude that tends to look at the positive aspects of a given situation, as well as an optimistic belief in a bright future are associated with physiological activity in the left-hemisphere (LH). In contrast, a gloomy viewpoint, an inclination to focus on the negative part and exaggerate its significance, low self-esteem as well as a pessimistic view on what the future holds are interlinked with neurophysiological processes in the right-hemisphere (RH). This hemispheric asymmetry in mediating optimistic and pessimistic outlooks is rooted in several biological and functional differences between the two hemispheres. The RH mediation of a watchful and inhibitive mode weaves a sense of insecurity that generates and supports pessimistic thought patterns. Conversely, the LH mediation of an active mode and the positive feedback it receives through its motor dexterity breed a sense of confidence in one's ability to manage life's challenges, and optimism about the future.