Discovery and importance of zinc in human nutrition.
Discovery and importance of zinc in human nutrition.
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发表时间：
1984-10
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通讯作者：
A. Prasad
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Prasad
目前锌知识的爆炸是几个因素的结果，主要是认识到锌在人类健康和疾病中的重要作用，它在生物化学反应中的重要功能，以及使定量生物液体中这种必需微量元素成为可能的技术进步。由于营养因素和几种疾病状态导致的人类锌缺乏症现已被认识到。已知谷物蛋白质的高植酸含量会降低锌的可用性;因此，在消耗大量蛋白质的人群中，缺锌的患病率可能很高。酒精中毒、吸收不良、镰状细胞性贫血、慢性肾脏疾病和慢性衰弱性疾病现在已知是缺锌的诱发因素。严重缺乏锌，如在肠病性肢端皮炎患者中所见，可能危及生命。人类缺锌状态的临床表现从轻度到重度不等。锌似乎参与许多生物功能，包括DNA合成。锌在酶功能、细胞膜和免疫中的作用现在已经很好地确定。
The present explosion in knowledge of zinc has been the result of several factors, the major ones being the recognition of the important role of zinc in human health and diseases, its vital functions in biochemical reactions, and the technological advances that make it feasible to quantitate this essential trace element in biological fluids. Deficiency of zinc in humans due to nutritional factors and several disease states has now been recognized. The high phytate content of cereal proteins is known to decrease the availability of zinc; thus, the prevalence of zinc deficiency is likely to be high in a population consuming large quantities of proteins. Alcoholism, malabsorption, sickle cell anemia, chronic renal disease, and chronically debilitating diseases are now known to be predisposing factors for zinc deficiency. A severe deficiency of zinc such as that seen in patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica may be life-threatening. A spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe degrees has now been recognized in human zinc deficiency states. Zinc appears to be involved in many biological functions including DNA synthesis. Roles for zinc in enzymatic functions, cell membranes, and immunity are now well established.