Effect of Microplastic on the Gills of the Shore Crab Carcinus maenas.
Effect of Microplastic on the Gills of the Shore Crab Carcinus maenas.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b01187
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
A. Watts;M. Urbina;R. Goodhead;J. Moger;C. Lewis;T. Galloway
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Watts;M. Urbina;R. Goodhead;J. Moger;C. Lewis;T. Galloway
微观塑料碎片（直径小于5毫米的微塑料）在海洋环境中无处不在。先前的研究表明，微塑料可能会被滨蟹摄入和吸入，尽管其生物学后果尚不清楚。在这里，我们发现急性水暴露于不同表面涂层的聚苯乙烯微球（8 μm）对鳃功能有显著但短暂的影响。吸入鳃腔的微球对暴露1 h后的耗氧量有小但显著的剂量依赖性影响，16 h后恢复到正常水平。离子交换也受到影响，暴露24 h后血淋巴钠离子小但显著减少，钙离子增加。为了进一步评估对渗透调节的影响，我们对微塑料暴露后的螃蟹进行了盐度降低的挑战。无论添加多少塑料，微球和天然沉积物都不会改变螃蟹对渗透胁迫的反应。羧基化（COOH）和氨基化（NH2）聚苯乙烯微球在鳃表面的分布不同，但对鳃功能都没有显著的不利影响。这些结果表明，与滨蟹在急性暴露于人为塑料和天然颗粒后维持渗透调节和呼吸功能的生理弹性相比，微塑料的生理影响程度有所不同。
Microscopic plastic debris (microplastics, <5 mm in diameter) is ubiquitous in the marine environment. Previous work has shown that microplastics may be ingested and inhaled by the shore crab Carcinus maenas, although the biological consequences are unknown. Here, we show that acute aqueous exposure to polystyrene microspheres (8 μm) with different surface coatings had significant but transient effects on branchial function. Microspheres inhaled into the gill chamber had a small but significant dose-dependent effect on oxygen consumption after 1 h of exposure, returning to normal levels after 16 h. Ion exchange was also affected, with a small but significant decrease in hemolymph sodium ions and an increase in calcium ions after 24 h post-exposure. To further asses the effects on osmoregulation, we challenged crabs with reduced salinity after microplastic exposure. Neither microspheres nor natural sediments altered the crab's response to osmotic stress regardless of plastic concentration added. Carboxylated (COOH) and aminated (NH2) polystyrene microspheres were distributed differently across the gill surface, although neither had a significant adverse impact on gill function. These results illustrate the extent of the physiological effects of microplastics compared to the physiological resilience of shore crabs in maintaining osmoregulatory and respiratory function after acute exposure to both anthropogenic plastics and natural particles.