Reduced engagement with social stimuli in 6-month-old infants with later autism spectrum disorder: a longitudinal prospective study of infants at high familial risk.
Reduced engagement with social stimuli in 6-month-old infants with later autism spectrum disorder: a longitudinal prospective study of infants at high familial risk.
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DOI：
10.1186/s11689-016-9139-8
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Webb SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones EJ;Venema K;Earl R;Lowy R;Barnes K;Estes A;Dawson G;Webb SJ
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍，影响超过1%的人口和近20%的前瞻性研究婴儿与ASD的哥哥姐姐。虽然在表征ASD行为症状的出现方面取得了重大进展，但对早期学习的潜在中断知之甚少。最近的模型表明，ASD因果路径的核心方面可能只在婴儿早期才明显。在这里，我们使用认知和电生理方法调查了6个月和12个月大的婴儿在24个月时是否符合ASD标准。我们假设，对面孔的注意力投入减少与后来的ASD有关。在前瞻性纵向设计中，我们在6个月和12个月时使用视觉注意力（习惯化）和脑功能（面孔和物体的事件相关电位）的测量，并在24个月时调查与ASD结局的关系。在24个月时符合ASD标准的高危婴儿在6个月时表现出更短的视觉注意力，更快但更短的面部神经激活，以及对面部的延迟敏感反应（增加寻找）;这些差异在12个月时不太明显。这些发现与持续关注社会刺激的中断参与是一致的。这些研究结果表明，可能存在对注意力投入的根本性早期中断，这可能对以后的社会功能产生级联后果。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s11689-016-9139-8）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects more than 1 % of the population and close to 20 % of prospectively studied infants with an older sibling with ASD. Although significant progress has been made in characterizing the emergence of behavioral symptoms of ASD, far less is known about the underlying disruptions to early learning. Recent models suggest that core aspects of the causal path to ASD may only be apparent in early infancy. Here, we investigated social attention in 6- and 12-month-old infants who did and did not meet criteria for ASD at 24 months using both cognitive and electrophysiological methods. We hypothesized that a reduction in attention engagement to faces would be associated with later ASD. In a prospective longitudinal design, we used measures of both visual attention (habituation) and brain function (event-related potentials to faces and objects) at 6 and 12 months and investigated the relationship to ASD outcome at 24 months. High-risk infants who met criteria for ASD at 24 months showed shorter epochs of visual attention, faster but less prolonged neural activation to faces, and delayed sensitization responses (increases in looking) to faces at 6 months; these differences were less apparent at 12 months. These findings are consistent with disrupted engagement of sustained attention to social stimuli. These findings suggest that there may be fundamental early disruptions to attention engagement that may have cascading consequences for later social functioning. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11689-016-9139-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.