Placental structure in gestational diabetes mellitus
Placental structure in gestational diabetes mellitus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165535
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
San Martin, Sebastian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carrasco-Wong, Ivo;Moller, Alejandra;San Martin, Sebastian
胎盘是一个短暂的器官，位于母亲和胎儿之间，支持宫内生命。这个器官具有营养、内分泌和免疫功能，以支持胎儿发育。有几个因素与胎盘的正常功能有关，包括胎儿和母体的血流，适当的营养，受体和转运体的表达和功能，以及胎盘本身的形态。胎盘形态对于理解器官的病理生理学至关重要，因为它代表了发生营养交换的物理结构。在妊娠病理中，如人类糖尿病和动物模型，胎盘形态发生了一些变化，主要与胎盘大小、血管增多、绒毛毛细血管分支增多和糖原沉积增加等有关。妊娠期糖尿病与胎盘结构改变有关，包括胎盘表面积和体积的改变，以及组织学改变，包括绒毛间隙和末端绒毛体积增加，合体滋养层细胞数量增加，纤维蛋白样区和糖原沉积。这些修饰可能会导致这个器官的功能变化，从而限制发育中的胎儿的健康。本文综述了妊娠期糖尿病在人类和动物模型中胎盘在宏观和组织水平反复出现的形态变化。本文是Luis Sobrevia编辑的题为：妊娠代谢并发症中的膜转运体和受体特刊的一部分。
The placenta is a transitory organ, located between the mother and the foetus, which supports intrauterine life. This organ has nutritional, endocrine and immunologic functions to support foetal development. Several factors are related to the correct functioning of the placenta including foetal and maternal blood flow, appropriate nutrients, expression and function of receptors and transporters, and the morphology of the placenta itself. Placental morphology is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of the organ as represents the physical structure where nutrient exchange occurs. In pathologies of pregnancy such as diabetes mellitus in humans and animal models, several changes in the placental morphology occur, related mainly with placental size, hypervascularization, higher branching capillaries of the villi and increased glycogen deposits among others. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with modifications in the structure of the human placenta including changes in the surface area and volume, as well as histological changes including an increased volume of intervillous space and terminal villi, syncytiotrophoblast number, fibrinoid areas, and glycogen deposits. These modifications may result in functional changes in this organ thus limiting the wellbeing of the developing foetus. This review gives an overview of recurrent morphological changes at macroscopic and histological levels seen in the placenta from gestational diabetes in humans and animal models. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.