Rapid spread of invasive genes into a threatened native species
Rapid spread of invasive genes into a threatened native species
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0911802107
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发表时间：
2010-02-23
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Shaffer, H. Bradley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin M.;Johnson, Jarrett R.;Shaffer, H. Bradley
当引进或栽培的植物或动物与它们的本地近亲杂交时，入侵基因向本地种群的传播可能会产生生物学、美学和法律方面的影响。模型表明，如果入侵等位基因有利于自然选择，那么原生生物被入侵等位基因取代的速度可能是迅速和不可避免的。我们记录了在60年的时间里，几个引入的基因在90公里处传播到一个受到威胁的本土物种(加州虎蜥蜴)中。与此同时，大多数遗传标记(68个遗传标记中的65个)几乎没有证据表明它扩散到了引种发生的地区以外。利用计算机模拟，我们发现这种模式不太可能在选择性中性标记中偶然出现。因此，我们的结果表明，自然选择有利于这些特殊的入侵等位基因的移动和固定。导入种群(略微经过基因改造的本地种群)的法律地位未被美国《濒危物种法》解决。我们的结果表明，在考虑不同的保护标准时，需要仔细权衡遗传和生态因素，因为不同的规则可能会导致显著不同的地理区域和受保护的个体数量。
When introduced or cultivated plants or animals hybridize with their native relatives, the spread of invasive genes into native populations might have biological, aesthetic, and legal implications. Models suggest that the rate of displacement of native by invasive alleles can be rapid and inevitable if they are favored by natural selection. We document the spread of a few introduced genes 90 km into a threatened native species (the California Tiger Salamander) in 60 years. Meanwhile, a majority of genetic markers (65 of 68) show little evidence of spread beyond the region where introductions occurred. Using computer simulations, we found that such a pattern is unlikely to emerge by chance among selectively neutral markers. Therefore, our results imply that natural selection has favored both the movement and fixation of these exceptional invasive alleles. The legal status of introgressed populations (native populations that are slightly genetically modified) is unresolved by the US Endangered Species Act. Our results illustrate that genetic and ecological factors need to be carefully weighed when considering different criteria for protection, because different rules could result in dramatically different geographic areas and numbers of individuals being protected.