Soil drugs of the future: The sustainability of BioAg and the repair of arable land
Soil drugs of the future: The sustainability of BioAg and the repair of arable land
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未来的土壤药物：生物农业的可持续性和耕地的修复
DOI：
10.1177/2514848620943894
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Peter Oviatt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peter Oviatt
BioAg是生物农业的简称，是农业集团用来销售用于害虫控制和施肥的生物活性产品的总称。在这个框架内，我调查了一种真菌的商品化，这种真菌与植物根系形成了有益的关系。菌根真菌与根尖连接，以交换光合作用的糖，以获得生物学家所说的一系列“生态系统服务”，包括土壤矿物质、水和病原体拮抗作用的转移。我讨论了三个条件，现在引起了商品化的菌根真菌在工业农业：创造一个接种形式下产生无菌（体外）条件;宣布工业可耕土壤缺乏功能性菌根真菌群落，这一缺陷最容易通过应用工业生产的接种剂得到补救;更广泛的菌根主体性的建立，使得农业土地上菌根真菌的损失成为农业和科学界以外的人关注的问题。为了分析这三个阶段的商品化的菌根真菌，我从事的框架积累的修复作为经济的一部分。根据克里斯托弗·亨克的工作，我讨论了菌根接种剂如何准备带来两种形式的修复土壤生态和工业化农业：维护和改造。我研究了围绕菌根接种剂的功效的挑战和争议，测试有关生态恢复的主张，以及一种新兴的和大力推广的农业商品如何影响区域农业基础设施，农村生态和农业生计。我使用BioAg中的菌根接种物的情况下，整理出可持续性的承诺索赔，并看看农业集团现在是如何建设他们设想的未来工业化农业。
BioAg, short for biological agriculture, is an umbrella term used by agricultural conglomerates to market biologically active products used for pest control and fertilization. Within this framing, I investigate the commodification of a type of fungus that forms a beneficial relationship with plant roots. Mycorrhizal fungi connect with root tips to exchange photosynthesized sugars for an array of what biologists call “ecosystem services,” which include the translocation of soil minerals, water, and pathogen antagonism. I discuss three conditions that now give rise to the commodification of mycorrhizal fungi in industrial agriculture: the creation of an inoculant form produced under sterile (in vitro) conditions; the declaration of industrial arable soils as lacking functioning communities of mycorrhizal fungi, a deficit most easily remedied through the application of industrially produced inoculants; the build-up of a broader mycorrhizal subjectivity, which has made the loss of mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural lands a concern for those beyond agricultural and scientific communities. To analyze these three stages of the commodification of mycorrhizal fungi, I engage the framework of accumulation by restoration as part of the economy of repair. Following the work of Christopher Henke, I discuss how mycorrhizal inoculants are poised to bring about two forms of repair to soil ecologies and industrial agriculture: maintenance and transformation. I examine the challenges and controversies surrounding the efficacy of mycorrhizal inoculants, testing claims about ecological restoration and how an emergent and heavily promoted agricultural commodity might impact regional agricultural infrastructures, rural ecologies, and agrarian livelihoods. I use the case of mycorrhizal inoculants within BioAg to sort out promissory claims of sustainability, and look at how agricultural conglomerates are now building their envisioned future of industrial agriculture.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Spatafora JW;Chang Y;Benny GL;Lazarus K;Smith ME;Berbee ML;Bonito G;Corradi N;Grigoriev I;Gryganskyi A;James TY;O'Donnell K;Roberson RW;Taylor TN;Uehling J;Vilgalys R;White MM;Stajich JE
通讯作者：
Stajich JE
益生菌环境：狼和蠕虫的重新野化
DOI：
10.1177/0263276417695866
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
Theory, Culture & Society
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lorimer J
通讯作者：
Lorimer J