OBSERVATIONS ON HUMAN ECHINOCOCCOSIS (HYDATIDOSIS) AND EVALUATION OF TRANSMISSION FACTORS IN THE MAASAI OF NORTHERN TANZANIA
OBSERVATIONS ON HUMAN ECHINOCOCCOSIS (HYDATIDOSIS) AND EVALUATION OF TRANSMISSION FACTORS IN THE MAASAI OF NORTHERN TANZANIA
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DOI：
10.1080/00034983.1989.11812377
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发表时间：
1989-10-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
WATSCHINGER, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MACPHERSON, CNL;CRAIG, PS;WATSCHINGER, H
曾试图估计坦桑尼亚北部马赛人中包虫病的流行情况，并审查导致该疾病在该地区传播的因素。对医院记录的回顾性回顾显示，1977年至1986年，包虫病的年手术率为每10万人11例。在959名接受超声扫描的患者中，有10人（1%）出现包虫囊肿样回声，患病率估计为1.4%。30%的超声阳性病例在ELISA抗体测试中也呈阳性。4只死狗中有3只和6只清洗过的狗中有2只被发现有明显的棘球蚴感染。定量人与狗接触研究、土壤和水样棘球绦虫卵检查以及抗棘球绦虫抗体应答者的比较表明，马赛人和图尔卡纳人在接触感染方面几乎没有显著差异，图尔卡纳人的包虫病患病率要高得多，可能是世界上最高的。提出了解释这两组有着相似传统生活方式的牧民之间感染率差异的假设。与图尔卡纳人一样，马赛人对包虫病一无所知，有人建议，在马萨兰控制这种疾病的最佳方法是采取行之有效的犬类控制措施，并辅以适当的、更持久的教育方案。
An attempt was made to estimate the prevalence of hydatid disease amongst the Masai people of northern Tanzania and to examine the factors which would contribute to the transmission of the disease in this region. Retrospective review of hospital records revealed an annual surgical rate of hydatid disease for 1977 through 1986 of 11 per 100,000 people. Ten (1%) of 959 people screened by ultrasound scanning had hydatid cyst-like echoes, giving a prevalence estimation of 1.4%. Thirty per cent of positive ultrasound cases were also positive in an ELISA antibody test. Three of four dogs necropsied and two of six dogs purged were found to harbour patent Echinococcus infections. Quantitative man:dog contact studies, examination of soil and water samples for Echinococcus eggs and comparison of the anti-Echinococcus antibody responders revealed that there are few marked differences in exposure to infection between the Maasai and the Turkana, who have a much higher prevalence of hydatidosis and perhaps the highest prevalence in the world. Hypotheses to explain the differences in the infection rate between these two groups of pastoralists who share a similar traditional lifestyle are presented. The Maasai, like the Turkana, had no knowledge of hydatid disease, and it is suggested that the best way to control the disease in Maasailand would be by proven dog control measures, supported by a suitable, more durable, educational programme.