Dread sensitivity in decisions about real and imagined electrical shocks does not vary by age.
Dread sensitivity in decisions about real and imagined electrical shocks does not vary by age.
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对真实和想象的电击做出决定的恐惧敏感性不会因年龄而变化。
DOI：
10.1037/pag0000136
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ganzel,Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Löckenhoff,CorinnaE;Rutt,JoshuaL;Samanez-Larkin,GregoryR;O'Donoghue,Ted;Reyna,ValerieF;Ganzel,Barbara
以前的研究发现，跨期选择的年龄差异涉及在不同时间点发生的事件或结果之间的权衡，但这些发现大多限于假设的金融和消费者选择。我们研究了年龄的影响是否会延伸到不愉快的身体经历，引发恐惧的状态，导致参与者加快结果，只是为了让他们结束。我们要求不同年龄的参与者选择不同时间和强度的电击。我们还评估了情感反应作为年龄效应背后的潜在机制，并考虑了其他潜在的协变量。在研究1中，选择任务涉及真实的结果，样本由年轻人和老年人组成。在研究2中，选择任务是假设的，样本是一个成年人的寿命样本。在这两项研究中，没有证据表明电击的首选时间存在年龄差异。相反，对恐惧敏感的选择与更高的谨慎性有关。即使在控制了一系列与年龄相关的协变量后，年龄对恐惧敏感性选择的影响仍然不显著。我们讨论了缺乏年龄效应的可能解释，并考虑应用和临床环境的影响。
Previous research has found age differences in intertemporal choices that involve trade-offs among events or outcomes that occur at different points in time, but these findings were mostly limited to hypothetical financial and consumer choices. We examined whether age effects extend to unpleasant physical experiences that elicit states of dread which lead participants to speed up the outcomes just to get them over with. We asked participants of different ages to choose among electrical shocks that varied in timing and intensity. We also assessed affective responses as a potential mechanism behind age effects and considered other potential covariates. In Study 1, the choice task involved real outcomes and the sample consisted of younger and older adults. In Study 2, the choice task was hypothetical and the sample was an adult life span sample. Across both studies, there was no evidence of age differences in the preferred timing of shocks. Instead, dread-sensitive choices were associated with higher conscientiousness. Age effects in dread-sensitive choices remained nonsignificant even after controlling for a range of age-associated covariates. We discuss possible explanations for the lack of age effects and consider implications for applied and clinical settings.