The Truth and Bias Model of Judgment
The Truth and Bias Model of Judgment
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DOI：
10.1037/a0022936
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Kenny, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
West, Tessa V.;Kenny, David A.
我们提出了一个新的模型，为真相和偏见如何影响人类判断的一般研究。在真理与偏见模型中，对世界的判断受到两种主要力量的推动，真理力量和偏见力量，这两种力量是相互关联的。真理和偏见模型区分了力和价值，其中力是吸引力的强度，而价值是判断被吸引的位置。该模型还对偏差和调节变量进行了正式的理论区分。讨论了两类主要的偏差：用变量（例如，假设的相似性）测量的偏差和方向性偏差，方向性偏差指的是判断被拉向判断连续体一端的程度。调节变量被定义为影响准确性和偏倚力但不直接影响判断的变量。我们用4个例子来说明这个模型。我们将讨论模型的理论、经验、方法、测量和设计含义。
We present a new model for the general study of how the truth and biases affect human judgment. In the truth and bias model, judgments about the world are pulled by 2 primary forces, the truth force and the bias force, and these 2 forces are interrelated. The truth and bias model differentiates force and value, where the force is the strength of the attraction and the value is the location toward which the judgment is attracted. The model also makes a formal theoretical distinction between bias and moderator variables. Two major classes of biases are discussed: biases that are measured with variables (e.g., assumed similarity) and directional bias, which refers to the extent to which judgments are pulled toward 1 end of the judgment continuum. Moderator variables are conceptualized as variables that affect the accuracy and bias forces but that do not affect judgments directly. We illustrate the model with 4 examples. We discuss the theoretical, empirical, methodological, measurement, and design implications of the model.