Hox genes, digit identities and the theropod/bird transition
Hox genes, digit identities and the theropod/bird transition
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.b.21042
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发表时间：
2005-05-15
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Metz, JAJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galis, F;Kundrát, M;Metz, JAJ
Vargas and Fallon（2005. J Exp，Zool（Mol Dev Evol）304 B：86-90）提出Hox基因表达模式表明鸟类翅膀中最前面的趾与趾I同源，而不是与其他鸟类中的趾2同源。这种解释是基于Hoxd 13表达的存在以及该数字形成的第二个数字浓缩中Hoxd 12表达的缺失（第一个浓缩是短暂存在的）。这是一种模式，类似于鸡脚和鼠标手和脚的发展数字1。他们通过分析两种多趾鸡突变体Silkie和talpid 2中的Hoxd 12和Hoxd 13表达模式来验证这一新假设。他们的结论是，这些数据支持这样的观点，即鸟类翅膀的最前剩余趾与其他鸟类的第1趾同源，无论是在标准的系统发育意义上，还是在（有限的）发育意义上，与瓦格纳和戈蒂埃的移码假说一致（1999年，即，这种发育途径与导致其他蝾螈第一位身份的途径是同源的，尽管它发生在第二位而不是第一位缩合）。我们认为，Hoxd 12和Hoxd 13的表达模式，发现这些和其他肢体突变体不允许区分的假设Vargas和Fallon（2005年）。J Exp Zool（Mol Dev Evol）304 B：86-90）和另一种，即，从系统发育学的角度来看，鸟类翅膀的最前趾与其他鸟类的第二趾是同源的。因此，根据其他发育数据（Holingren，1955.动物学报36：243-328; Hinchliffe，1984. In：Hecht M，Ostrom JH，Viohl G，Wellnhofer P，editors.鸟类的起源Eichstatt：Freunde des Jura-Museum.第141-147页; Burke和Feduccia，1997年。Science 278：666-668; Kundrat等人，2002. J Exp Zool（Mol Dev Evol）29413：151-159; Larsson和瓦格纳，2002. J Exp Zool（Mol Dev Evol）294 B：146-151; Feduccia和Nowicki，2002. Naturwissenschaften 89：391-393），鸟类翅膀的趾与鸟类的趾2，3，4同源。我们建议通过比较不同类群中Hoxd的表达模式来进一步检验这一假设。(C)2005 Wiley-Liss，Inc
Vargas and Fallon (2005. J Exp, Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 304B:86-90) propose that Hox gene expression patterns indicate that the most anterior digit in bird wings is homologous to digit I rather than to digit 2 in other amniotes. This interpretation is based on the presence of Hoxd13 expression in combination with the absence of Hoxd12 expression in the second digit condensation from which this digit develops (the first condensation is transiently present). This is a pattern that is similar to that in the developing digit 1 of the chicken foot and the mouse hand and foot. They have tested this new hypothesis by analysing Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 expression patterns in two polydactylous chicken mutants, Silkie and talpid2. They conclude that the data support the notion that the most anterior remaining digit of the bird wing is homologous to digit 1 in other amniotes either in a standard phylogenetic sense, or alternatively in a (limited) developmental sense in agreement with the Frameshift Hypothesis of Wagner and Gautier (1999, i.e., that the developmental pathway is homologous to the one that leads to a digit 1 identity in other amniotes, although it occurs in the second instead of the first digit condensation). We argue that the Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 expression patterns found for these and other limb mutants do not allow distinguishing between the hypothesis of Vargas and Fallon (2005. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 304B:86-90) and the alternative one, i.e., the most anterior digit in bird wings is homologous to digit 2 in other amniotes, in a phylogenetic or developmental sense. Therefore, at the moment the data on limb mutants does not present a challenge to the hypothesis, based on other developmental data (Holingren, 1955. Acta Zool 36:243-328; Hinchliffe, 1984. In: Hecht M, Ostrom JH, Viohl G, Wellnhofer P, editors. The beginnings of birds. Eichstatt: Freunde des Jura-Museum. p 141-147; Burke and Feduccia, 1997. Science 278:666-668; Kundrat et al., 2002. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 29413:151-159; Larsson and Wagner, 2002. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 294B:146-151; Feduccia and Nowicki, 2002. Naturwissenschaften 89:391-393), that the digits of bird wings are homologous to digits 2,3,4 in amniotes. We recommend further testing of the hypothesis by comparing Hoxd expression patterns in different taxa. (C) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc