Synthesis of Branched-Chain Sugars
Synthesis of Branched-Chain Sugars
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支链糖的合成
DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
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通讯作者：
J. Yoshimura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Yoshimura
本章概述了支链糖的合成。天然存在的支链糖直到20世纪60年代才被归类为稀有糖，但在过去的二十年中，许多新糖作为抗生素的糖苷组分的发现刺激了对其化学和生物化学的广泛研究。在自然界中发现的大多数支链糖在支链碳原子处具有极性取代基（A型）;叔醇是最常见的，但它们中的一些是甲基醚、乙酸酯或环状碳酸酯的形式，并且在一些情况下，氨基或硝基基团连接到叔碳原子上。在分支中观察到多样性，但其中一些是化学上可相互转化的，也可以由共同的中间体衍生。本章解释了与糖环氧乙烷的亲核反应、羟醛加成和二醛与硝基烷烃的环化反应有关的概念。并对甲基支链糖和二碳支链糖作了简要的讨论。
Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the synthesis of branched-chain sugars. The naturally occurring, branched-chain sugars were classified as rare sugars until the 1960's, but the discovery of numerous new sugars as the glycosidic component of antibiotics during the past two decades has stimulated extensive research on their chemistry and biochemistry. Most of the branched sugars found in Nature have a polar substituent at the branching carbon-atom (Type A); tertiary alcohols are commonest, but some of them are in the form of a methyl ether, acetate, or cyclic carbonate and, in several instances, an amino or a nitro group is attached to the tertiary carbon atom. Diversity is observed in the branchings, but some of them are chemically interconvertible and also can be derived from a common intermediate. This chapter explains the concepts related to the nucleophilic reactions of sugar oxiranes, aldol addition, and cyclization of dialdehydes with nitroalkanes. It also presents a brief discussion on methyl-branched sugars and two-carbon-branched sugar.