Fluctuation Theorem for Many-Body Pure Quantum States.
Fluctuation Theorem for Many-Body Pure Quantum States.
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.119.100601
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
E. Iyoda;K. Kaneko;T. Sagawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Iyoda;K. Kaneko;T. Sagawa
我们证明了热力学第二定律和纯量子态的非平衡涨落定理。整个系统服从可逆么正动力学，其中热浴的初始态不是正则分布，而是满足本征态-热化假设的单一能量本征态。我们的结果在数学上是严格的，并且基于Lieb-Robinson界，它给出了多体量子系统中信息传播速度的上界。显示了一个子系统的纠缠熵与热力学热有关，突出了信息-热力学联系的基础。我们通过对硬核玻色子的数值模拟验证了我们的理论，并观察到了从热涨落到裸量子涨落的动力学交叉。我们的结果揭示了一个普遍的情景，即第二定律从量子力学中出现，并可以通过人工孤立量子系统(如超冷原子)进行实验验证。
We prove the second law of thermodynamics and the nonequilibrium fluctuation theorem for pure quantum states. The entire system obeys reversible unitary dynamics, where the initial state of the heat bath is not the canonical distribution but is a single energy eigenstate that satisfies the eigenstate-thermalization hypothesis. Our result is mathematically rigorous and based on the Lieb-Robinson bound, which gives the upper bound of the velocity of information propagation in many-body quantum systems. The entanglement entropy of a subsystem is shown connected to thermodynamic heat, highlighting the foundation of the information-thermodynamics link. We confirmed our theory by numerical simulation of hard-core bosons, and observed dynamical crossover from thermal fluctuations to bare quantum fluctuations. Our result reveals a universal scenario that the second law emerges from quantum mechanics, and can be experimentally tested by artificial isolated quantum systems such as ultracold atoms.