The Right to Work, and the Right at Work
The Right to Work, and the Right at Work
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工作权和工作中的权利
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Peck
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作者：
J. Peck
反工会工作权（RTW）法是美国劳资关系解决方案（变革）斗争的独特遗产，也是其发育不良和分叉发展的持久象征。RTW断层线是在20世纪40年代和50年代绘制的，在很长一段时间里，它是工业中心地带的工会集结地与组织程度低得多、典型的“放松管制”的南方之间最尖锐的空间分界线。1958年之后，类似冷战的僵局持续了半个世纪，然而，只有一个渐进的倾向于RTW一边，即使是在阳光地带孕育了一种新的“灵活”增长模式，随着去工业化和贸易取代打击了锈带，以及后里根时代的政治气候决定性地偏向于公司利益。尽管如此，RTW的路线基本上一直坚持到2008年之后，随着共和党在州和地方一级的复兴，以及对由商业组织、自由市场智库、法律的活动家和大量资助的保守派宣传网络组成的意识形态联盟领导的削弱的劳工运动的协调一致的全国性攻击，敌对行动突然重新开始。前工会据点印第安纳州、密歇根州和威斯康星州已经成为RTW;几乎全国每一个非RTW州都见证了这一标志性的反工会立法的进展;新一代的地方RTW条例已经孵化出来。本文探讨了这一突然运动在美国劳动关系体系的构造板块中的影响，以及随之而来的劳动力地理分布。
Abstract Antiunion right to work (RTW) laws are a distinctive legacy of (trans)formative struggles around the industrial-relations settlement in the United States, and an enduring symbol of its stunted and bifurcated development. The RTW fault line, drawn in the 1940s and 1950s, was for a long time the sharpest spatial indicator of the divide between the union staging grounds of the industrial heartland and the much less organized and characteristically ‘deregulated’ South. After 1958, something like a cold war stalemate prevailed for half a century, however, with only an incremental drift to the RTW side, even as a new pattern of ‘flexible’ growth was incubated in the Sun Belt, as deindustrialization and trade displacement struck the Rust Belt, and as the political climate, post-Reagan, skewed decisively in favor of corporate interests. Nevertheless, the RTW line essentially held, that is, until the abrupt renewal of hostilities after 2008, following a Republican resurgence at the state and local level, coupled with a concerted, cross-country attack on a weakened labor movement led by an ideologically aligned coalition of business organizations, free-market think tanks, legal activists, and heavily bankrolled conservative advocacy networks. The former union strongholds of Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin have since gone RTW; practically every non-RTW state in the nation has witnessed the advance of this signature antiunion legislation; and a new generation of local RTW ordinances has been hatched. This article explores the implications of this sudden movement in the tectonic plates of the U.S. labor-relations system and the labor geographies that are being made (and broken) in its wake.