Cosmic Star-Formation History
Cosmic Star-Formation History
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-astro-081811-125615
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发表时间：
1996-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Madau;M. Dickinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Madau;M. Dickinson
在过去的二十年里，来自多波长成像和光谱调查的大量新数据彻底改变了我们对星系形成和演化的看法。在这里，我们回顾了一系列的补充技术和理论工具，使天文学家映射的宇宙历史的星星的形成，重元素的生产，和再电离的宇宙从宇宙的“黑暗时代”到现在的时代。一个一致的图像正在出现，即恒星形成率密度在大爆炸后约3.5 Gyr达到峰值，z = 1.9，并在以后的时间呈指数下降，e折叠时间尺度为3.9 Gyr。今天观测到的恒星质量有一半是在红移z = 1.3之前形成的。大约25%在宇宙恒星形成率密度达到峰值之前形成，另外25%在z = 0.7之后形成。今天的恒星中，只有不到10%是在再电离时期形成的。在普遍初始质量函数的假设下，在任何时期推断的全球恒星质量密度都匹配.
Over the past two decades, an avalanche of new data from multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopic surveys has revolutionized our view of galaxy formation and evolution. Here we review the range of complementary techniques and theoretical tools that allow astronomers to map the cosmic history of star formation, heavy element production, and reionization of the Universe from the cosmic “dark ages” to the present epoch. A consistent picture is emerging, whereby the star-formation rate density peaked approximately 3.5 Gyr after the Big Bang, at z≈1.9, and declined exponentially at later times, with an e-folding timescale of 3.9 Gyr. Half of the stellar mass observed today was formed before a redshift z = 1.3. About 25% formed before the peak of the cosmic star-formation rate density, and another 25% formed after z = 0.7. Less than ∼1% of today's stars formed during the epoch of reionization. Under the assumption of a universal initial mass function, the global stellar mass density inferred at any epoch match...