TRANSGRESSION AND ALTRUISM - CASE FOR HEDONISM
TRANSGRESSION AND ALTRUISM - CASE FOR HEDONISM
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1031(73)90031-0
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
VINCENT, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CIALDINI, RB;DARBY, BL;VINCENT, JE
提出了一个模型来解释越轨和利他主义之间的正向关系，并对三种替代公式--内疚、社会正义和自尊支持--进行了测试。拟议的消极国家救济模式断言，处于违法情况下的人的行为是仁慈的，以减少因暴露于伤害行为而引起的普遍的负面情绪状态，如果通过一些其他方式缓解负面状态，慈善活动将变得不必要。所有的实验对象都被暴露在一种越轨行为中；一半的人自己做了这种行为，另一半的人只是目击了这一行为。在一组实验条件(救济条件)中，一个积极的事件--要么收到钱，要么得到批准--介于有害行为和同学的援助请求之间。在另一组实验条件(无缓解条件)中，没有发生这样的积极事件。研究发现，正如预测的那样，接受积极事件的受试者的帮助明显低于没有接受积极事件的受试者，但与从未接触过这种越轨行为的对照组没有区别。研究还发现，加害者和加害者在行善倾向上是一致的。研究结果被解读为支持利他主义本质的享乐主义概念。最后，认为情绪状态与助人倾向之间存在U型关系。
A model to account for the positive relationship between transgression and altruism was proposed and tested against three alternative formulations—Guilt, Social Justice, and Self-esteem Bolstering. The proposed model, Negative State Relief, asserts that people in a transgression situation behave charitably in order to reduce a general, negative affective state which is induced by exposure to harm-doing and that if the negative state is relieved by some other means, benevolent activity will be rendered unnecessary. All of the experimental subjects were exposed to an act of transgression; half performed the act themselves while half only witnessed it. In one set of experimental conditions (the relief conditions), a positive event—the receipt of either money or approval—was interposed between the harmful act and a fellow-student's request for aid. In another set of experimental conditions (the norelief conditions), no such positive event occurred. It was found, as predicted, that subjects who received a positive event were significantly less helpful than those who did not, but were not different from a control group which had never been exposed to the transgression. It was also found that harm-doers and harm-witnesses were identical in benevolent tendency. The results were interpreted as favoring a hedonistic conception of the nature of altruism. Finally, it was contended that a U-shaped relationship exists between mood state and helping tendency.